Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes in Gastrointestinal Diseases

ISBN-13: 9783540187448 / Angielski / Miękka / 1988 / 332 str.

W. Domschke; H. G. Dammann

Opis

In OCtober 1986, recognized authorities from a variety of disciplines met in Lisbon, Portugal, to review recent knowledge on eicosanoids - i. e., prostaglandins, throm boxane A, and leukotrienes - and their role in gastrointestinal diseases. 2 Briefly, in the stomach endogenous as well as exogenous prostaglandins may mediate cytoprotective actions in that they stimulate gastric mucus production, bicar bonate secretion and cellular regeneration while providing adequate mucosal blood flow. In contrast, thromboxane A2 by vasoconstriction may act as an ulcerogenic substance. Diarrheal states may be associated with prostaglandins of types E and F as they are capable to enhance intestinal water and electrolyte secretions. In chronic in flammatory bowel disease, mucosal synthesis of leukotrienes was found to be increased more markedly than that of prostaglandins suggesting that leukotrienes may have a major part in the pathogenesis of that disease. In this volume, which is an elaborated collection of the papers given on occasion of the above-mentioned symposium, the facts and problems associated with prostanoid substances are dealt with in four sections on 1. biochemistry, biology and pharmacology of eicosanoids, 2. physiologic and pathophysiologic aspects, 3. established therapeutic implications, and 4. treatment perspectives. We believe that the publication of these contributions by leading workers in the given fields provides a comprehensive and up-to-date appraisal of the role of eicosanoids in gastrointestinal diseases, and it is hoped that this volume will be of value to both basic scientists and practicing clinicians."

Spis treści

Biology and Pharmacology of Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes.- Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes. Quantitative Determination in Biological Material.- Discussion.- Involvement of the Eicosanoids, Thromboxane A2 and Leukotriene C4 in Gastric Mucosal Damage.- Discussion.- Microvascular Injury and the Role of Leukotrienes and Prostaglandins in Acute Mucosal Damage and Protection.- Discussion.- Inhibition of Prostaglandin Synthesis and Proliferation of the Gastric Mucosa.- Discussion.- Role of Prostaglandins in Intestinal Fluid Secretion.- Discussion.- Novel Leukotriene D4 Receptor Antagonists and 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors: Implications in Human Disease.- Discussion.- Protective Effects on the Gastrointestinal Mucosa. New Aspects of the Last two Years.- “Aggressive” and “Protective” Factors in the Pathogenesis of Peptic Ulcer Disease.- Discussion.- Heartburn and Mucosal Barrier Weakness.- Discussion.- The Functional Role of Prostanoids in the Gastroduodenal Mucosa.- Role of Leukotrienes in Gastric Mucosal Damage and Protection.- Discussion.- Effect of Prostaglandins on the Motility of the Digestive Tract.- Discussion.- Gastroduodenal Bicarbonate Secretion in Mucosal Protection.- Discussion.- Prostaglandins and Cellular Restitution — Physiological and Pathological Implications.- Discussion.- Prostanoid Inhibition of Acid Secretion — Cellular Mechanisms in Canine Fundic Mucosa.- Discussion.- The Protective Effects of Prostaglandins on the Gastric Microvasculature.- Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Peptic Ulcer.- Discussion.- Mechanism of Injury to Gastric Mucosa by Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and the Protective Role of Prostaglandins.- Discussion.- Can Nonantisecretory Doses of Prostaglandins Prevent Mucosal Damage in Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs?.- Clinical Aspects of the Protective Effects of Prostaglandins on Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Associated Mucosal Injury.- Discussion.- Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes in Gastrointestinal Diseases — Present Clinical Role.- Gastrointestinal Microbleeding and Ulcerogenic Drugs: Prevention by Co-Administration of Prostaglandins.- Discussion.- Exogenous Prostaglandins and Their Analogues in Gastric Ulcer Therapy.- Exogenous Prostaglandins and Their Analogues in Duodenal Ulcer Therapy.- Discussion.- Clinical Safety of Antiulcer Prostaglandins: An Overview.- Discussion.- Ulcer Healing Drugs and Endogenous Prostaglandins: Carbenoxolone, Antacids, Sucralfate, Bismuth, and H2-Receptor Antagonists.- Discussion.- Smoking and Ulcer Healing — Role for Prostaglandins?.- Discussion.- Ulcer Healing by Prostaglandins — Due to Decreased Acidity or Enhanced Mucosal Defense?.- Discussion.- Diarrheagenic Syndromes Sensitive to Prostaglandin Synthetase Inhibitors.- Discussion.- Colitis and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.- Discussion.- Therapeutic Role for Prostaglandins in Ulcerative Colitis?.- Discussion.- Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Treatment Modalities and Mucosal Prostaglandin/Leukotriene Formation.- Discussion.- Prostaglandins: Their Potential Therapeutic Value in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract.- The Natural History of Ulcer Disease and its Impact upon Therapeutic Options and Assessment of Drug Safety.- Benefits and Risks of Long-Term Medical Therapy with Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists in Ulcer Disease — A Physician’s View.- Benefits and Risks of Long-Term Medical Therapy with Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists in Ulcer Disease: A Surgeon’s View.- The Surgical Approach to Ulcer Disease and its Complications — Has there been a Change in the Last Decade?.- The Efficacy of Prostaglandins in the Prevention of Stress Lesions in the Critically I11 Patient.- Discussion Following this Section.