1. Introduction to microbial fuel cells 2. Performance trends and status of microbial fuel cells 3. Configurations of microbial fuel cells 4. Polymer electrolyte membranes for microbial fuel cells: Part A. Nafion-based membranes 5. Polymer electrolyte membranes for microbial fuel cells: Part B. Non-nafion alternative membranes 6. Bipolar membranes for microbial fuel cells 7. Low-cost solutions for fabrication of microbial fuel cells: Ceramic separator and electrode modifications 8. Electrodes for microbial fuel cells 9. Anode catalysts and biocatalysts for microbial fuel cells 10. Propellants of microbial fuel cells 11. Exoelectrogens for microbial fuel cells 12. Biofilm formation within microbial fuel cells 13. Genetic approaches for improving performance of microbial fuel cells: Part A 14. Genetic approaches for improving performance of microbial fuel cells: Part B 15. Kinetics and mass transfer within microbial fuel cells 16. Biochemistry and electrochemistry at the electrodes of microbial fuel cells 17. Wastewater biorefinery based on microbial electrolysis cell: Opportunities and challenges 18. Microbial fuel cells as a platform technology for sustainable wastewater treatment 19. Microbial desalination cell technology: Functions and future prospects 20. Coupled systems based on microbial fuel cells 21. Commercialization aspects of microbial fuel cells