Problems of High Altitude Medicine and Biology

ISBN-13: 9781402062988 / Angielski / Twarda / 2007 / 306 str.

Robert Naeije; Almaz Aldashev

Opis

The major characteristic pathological findings of pulmonary vascular remodelling are increased wall thickening of pulmonary vessels and mus- larization of small arteries. In laboratory animals, decreased ambient oxygen concentrations cause similar pathological findings, including pulmonary smooth muscle hypertrophy and proliferation 22,23]. It has been suggested that proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is a key component of pulmonary vascular remodelling, and several in vitro studies have also addressed that exposure to hypoxia can stimulate prolife- tion of PASMC 13,4,1]. The proliferation of the PASMC begins when the cells enter into the cell cycle. The most important molecular event necessary for the progress of the cell cycle is phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin complexes. The CDK activity can be inhibited by CDK inhibitors and the expression of CDK inhibitor is a major regulator of the transition between each phase of the cell cycle 7]. Previous studies have noted that CDK inhibitor p27 plays an important role in the inhibition of the CDK activity and proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells 2,3]. The G1 phase in severe hypoxia is suggested to involve the CKI p27, because the expression of p27 increased in several cell-lines when they were exposed to extreme hypoxia 20,5]. Previous reports indicate that hypoxia decreases the p27 expression in the murine lung 23,24] and we found that PGI2 suppresses hypox- induced proliferation of PASMC and maintains p27 in PASMC 20].

Spis treści

1. 45 Years of mountain medicine; J.S. Milledge.- 2. High altitude pulmonary hypertension and chronic mountain sickness; D. Penaloza.- 3. The Cellular effects of hypoxia on the pulmonary circulation; A. Peacock et al.- 4. Angiogenesis and chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension; S. Eddahibi et al.- 5. Tetrahydrobiopterin and pulmonary hypertension; L. Zhao et al.- 6. Hypoxia-induced proliferation of human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell is involved in the suppression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors; T. Ishizaki et al.- 7. Pulmonary adaptation to high altitude in wild mammals; S. Akio et al.- 8. Lung at high altitude: between physiology and pathology; A. Cogo et al.- 9. Sildenafil and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension; B. Kojonazarov et al.- 10. The role of antioxidants in modulation of acclimatization processes; A.Z. Zurdinov.- 11. Gene polymorphisms and high altitude pulmonary hypertension; A.A. Aldashev.- 12. Genetic factors in the acute response to hypoxia in animals models; K.P. Strohl.- 13. Who gets high altitude pulmonary edema and why?; P. Bärtsch et al.- 14. Effects of inhaled nitric oxide and oxygen in high altitude pulmonary edema; I.S. Anand.- 15. Altered autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in hypoxia. Relevance to the pathophysiology of acute mountain sickness; R. Naeije, A. van Osta.- 16. Cardiac limitation to exercise capacity at high altitudes; S. Huez et al.- 17. Pediatric high altitude heart disease: a hypoxic pulmonary hypertension syndrome; Tian-Yi Wu.- 18. Clinical and functional features of COPD at the highlanders of Kyrgyzstan; T.M. Sooronbaev et al.- 19. Monitoring of morphological and functional parameters of platelets at patients with thrombocytopenic purpura during high mountains treatment; A.R. Raimjanov et al.- 20. Role of exogenous hypoxia in treatment of chronic Glomerulonephritis; R.R. Kaliev, M.M. Mirrakhimov.- 21. Atherogenesis of brain vessels in conditions of hypoxia at Kyrgyz highlanders; T.K. Kadyraliev.- 22.Particularities of Neuropsychotropic Effects of Mexidol in Conditions of Various Altitude; U.M. Tilekeeva et al.- 23. Influence of high-altitude hypoxia on adaptive and dysadaptive structural changes in the vessels of the pulmonary circulation vessels; T.K. Kadyraliev et al.- 24. Acute Oxygen Sensing Mechanisms; E.K. Weir.