Principles of Dispersal in Higher Plants

ISBN-13: 9783642879272 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 218 str.

L. Van Der Pijl

Opis

From the reviews: ..".the present work is an invaluable addition to the literature on reproductive biology of plants... Few botanists today are better qualified than van der Pijl to write on dispersal (and pollination) biology... an excellent up-to-date treatment of a long neglected subject... this splendid volume is unlikely to be surpassed for quite some time..." Science

Spis treści

I. Introduction.- A. The Place of Dispersal in the Chain of Life.- B. Limitations and Objections.- C. History and General Literature.- II. General Terminology.- III. The Units of Dispersal.- Vegetative Parts in Dispersal and False Vivipary.- IV. The Relation Between Flowers, Seeds and Fruits.- A. Seed and Fruit.- B. Morphological Fruit Systems.- C. Morphological Interaction Between Fruit and Flower.- 1. General.- 2. Position.- 3. Monovuly and Monospermy.- 4. Inferiority and the Calyx.- D. Inadequacy of Current Fruit Terminology.- V. Ecological Dispersal Classes, Established on the Basis of the Dispersing Agents.- A. General.- B. Invertebrates.- C. Fishes and Ichthyochory.- D. Reptiles and Saurochory.- E. Birds and Ornithochory.- 1. Epizoochory by Birds.- 2. Synzoochorous Bird Diaspores.- 3. Endozoochory.- Non-adapted Diaspores.- Adapted Diaspores.- The Syndrome of Bird Diaspores.- Oil-containing Fruits.- Remarks on Evolution.- Mimesis (Imitative Seeds).- F. Mammals and Mammaliochory.- 1. General.- 2. Dyszoochory and Rodents.- 3. Accidental Endozoochory.- 4. Adaptive Endozoochory.- Ungulates.- Bats and Chiropterochory.- Primates.- Various Mammals.- G. Ants and Myrmecochory.- H. Wind and Anemochory.- 1. General.- 2. Dust Diaspores.- 3. Balloons.- 4. Plumed (Comose) Diaspores.- 5. Winged Diaspores.- 6. Tumbleweeds.- 7. Wind-Ballists (Anemoballists).- J. Water and Hydrochory.- 1. General.- 2. Rain Wash (Ombrohydrochory).- 3. Rain-Ballists.- 4. Submerged Transport in Water.- 5. Floating Diaspores.- K. Epizoochory, Transport on the Outside of Animals in General.- 1. Diverse Origins.- 2. Trample Burrs.- 3. Water Burrs.- 4. Burrs and Other Adhesives Above Ground Level.- 5. Other Spiny Fruits.- L. Autochory, Dispersal by the Plant Itself.- 1. General.- 2. Active Ballists.- 3. Passive Ballists.- 4. Creeping Diaspores.- M. Barochory, Dispersal by Weight Only.- N. Retrospective View.- VI. Dispersal Strategy and the Biocoenosis.- A. Atelochory.- 1. General.- 2. Synaptospermy.- 3. Basicarpy.- 4. Geocarpy.- B. Polychory and Attendant Phenomena.- 1. General.- 2. Heterodiaspory.- 3. Tachyspory.- C. Concluding Remarks on Synecology.- 1. Deserts.- 2. The Rain Forest.- 3. Epiphytes.- 4. The Arctic.- 5. Island Floras.- 6. Plant Sociology and Dispersal.- 7. Coordinated Dispersal.- VII. Establishment.- A. General.- B. Fixation.- C. Vivipary.- D. Germination.- 1. General Importance.- 2. Span of Life and Dormancy.- 3. Influence of Dispersing Agents and Other Stimuli.- VIII. The Evolution of Dispersal Organs in General.- A. Aims.- B. Isosporous Pteridophytes.- C. Heterosporous Pteridophytes with Free Megaspores.- D. Pteridosperms.- E. Gymnosperms (or Pre-Angiosperms).- F. Angiosperms.- 1. The Seed.- 2. The Seed Escaped from Angiospermy.- 3. The Sarcotesta Maintained in Conventional Fruits.- 4. Arilloids.- 5. Pulpa.- 6. The Pericarp Fruit.- Shift of Function.- Autonomous Cycles.- Further Evolutionary Influences and Processes.- IX. Ecological Developments in Leguminous Fruits.- X. Dispersal and the Evolution of Grasses.- A. Comparison with Cyperaceae.- B. Return to Gramineae (i.c. Oryzeae).- C. Bambusoid Grasses.- D. Bamboos.- E. Open Plains and Higher Grasses.- F. Some More Remarks on Awns and on Establishment.- G. Retrospective Views.- XI. Man and His Plants in Relation to Dispersal.- References.- Index of Scientific Plant Names.- Index of Scientific Animal Names.