Preparing Construction Claims

ISBN-13: 9781119166603 / Angielski / Miękka / 2020 / 196 str.

Stephen C. Hall

Spis treści

Preface xiIntroduction xv1 Types of Claims 11.1 What Are Claims? 11.2 Measurement Claims 21.3 Changes to the Character Timing, Quality and Content 31.4 Revised Rates and Prices 31.5 Access and Possession of the Site 41.6 Changes 51.6.1 Varied Works 51.6.2 Changes to Scope 61.6.3 Quality of Materials 61.6.4 Design Changes/Increased Scope of Work 71.6.5 Value Engineering 91.6.6 Preferential Engineering 91.6.7 Varied Temporary Works 91.6.8 Unforeseen Conditions 101.6.9 Contaminated Materials (e.g. Asbestos or Hydrocarbons) 111.6.10 Adverse Weather 111.6.11 Force Majeure Events 121.6.12 Suspension Orders/Stop Work Orders 131.6.13 Late Approval/Failure to Approve 131.6.14 Late Information/Revised Information 141.6.15 Antiquities or Archaeological Discoveries 141.6.16 The Prevention Principle 151.6.17 Tolerance Creep 151.6.18 Utilities and Services 161.6.19 Insurance Matters 161.6.20 Disruption Claims 161.6.21 Mitigation Claims 171.6.22 Acceleration Claims 171.6.23 Delayed or Wrongful Withholding of Payment by the Employer 181.6.24 Termination of the Contract 182 Basis of Claims 212.1 Contractual Basis 212.2 Initial Investigation 212.3 Causation and Liability 222.4 Review of Contract Clauses 233 Contracts 253.1 The Construction and Interpretation of Contracts 253.1.1 A Note on Ejusdem Generis 273.2 Formation of the Contract and Disputed Terms 273.2.1 Judicial Implied Terms 273.3 Interpretation of Statutes 283.4 Standard Forms 283.5 Modifications to Standard Forms 283.6 Bespoke/Unique Contracts 294 Available Documents 314.1 Documents Likely to Be Available 314.1.1 Tender Information 314.1.2 Tender and Final Contract 314.1.3 Contract Documents 324.1.4 Commencement and Access 324.1.5 Contract Records 324.1.5.1 Correspondence 324.1.5.2 Minutes of Meetings 334.1.5.3 Construction Records 334.1.5.4 Drawing Registers 344.1.6 Approval/Acceptance of Submissions 344.1.6.1 Programmes, Method Statements and Temporary Works Designs 344.1.6.2 Construction Permits, Inspections and Approvals 344.1.6.3 Taking-Over Certificates or Completion Certificates for the Works or Sections of the Works 345 Records and Notices 355.1 Records 355.2 Contemporary Records 375.3 Source Data 385.3.1 Expenditure 385.3.1.1 People 395.3.1.2 Plant and Equipment 395.3.2 Progress Reports 395.4 Other Relevant Evidence 395.4.1 Diaries and Other Records 405.4.2 Plant and Equipment 405.4.3 Other Records 405.4.4 Unexpected Events and/or Ground Conditions 415.5 Maximising Recovery 415.6 Missing Records 415.7 Notices 425.8 Time Bar Provisions and Timing of Notices 425.9 Disclaimers and Reservation of Rights 436 Programmes 456.1 Planning and Programming Techniques 456.1.1 Introduction 456.1.1.1 Why Prepare Programmes? 456.1.1.2 Methods 456.1.1.3 Key Aims 486.1.1.4 Main Elements of a Programme 486.1.1.5 Choice of Programming Technique 496.1.2 Types of Programming Techniques Available 496.1.2.1 Hand-Drawn Bar Charts 496.1.2.2 Logic-Linked Bar Chart 506.1.3 Updating/Monitoring Hand-Drawn Programmes 506.1.3.1 Pins and String 506.1.3.2 Admirals Ribbons 516.1.3.3 Progress Tabulation 516.1.3.4 Planned Project Management: Progress Monitoring 516.1.3.5 Computer-Based Programmes and Progress Updates 516.1.4 Critical Path Analysis 526.1.5 Computer-Based Systems 536.1.6 Time Location Chart 546.1.7 Line of Balance 556.1.8 Short-Term Planning 566.1.8.1 Daily/Weekly Target Schedule 566.1.8.2 Daily Graphical Output Chart 566.1.8.3 Pictograms 576.1.8.4 What is a Programme? 576.1.8.5 What is the Programme's Contractual Status? 576.1.9 Preparing and Monitoring the Programme 596.1.9.1 Content 596.1.10 Degree of Detail in Programmes 616.1.10.1 The Outline or Tender Programme 616.1.10.2 The Master or Baseline Programme 616.1.10.3 Sectional Completion Programmes or Special 'Restricted Possession' Programmes 616.1.10.4 Construction or Working Programmes 616.1.10.5 Compromise 626.1.11 Project Notebook 626.1.12 Float in Programmes 626.1.13 What is Float? 626.1.13.1 Consider the Following as a Simple Definition 626.1.14 Types of Float 636.1.14.1 Programmed (or Built-in) Float 636.1.14.2 Activity Float 646.1.14.3 End Float 646.1.14.4 Added Duration 646.1.14.5 Gained or Generated Float 646.1.15 Float: Its Effects and Who Owns It 646.1.15.1 Financial Implications of Float 646.1.15.2 Ownership 656.1.15.3 Problems With Programmes 667 Delay Analysis 697.1 What is a Delay? 697.2 Principles 707.3 Validating the Programme 727.4 Techniques 747.4.1 Concurrent Delay 807.5 Methods 817.5.1 The Use of As-Built Programmes 847.5.2 Collapsed As-Built Analysis 867.5.2.1 Example Planned v Collapsed As-Built 877.5.3 Computerised Delay Analysis Techniques 897.5.4 The Additive Approach/Impacted As-Planned 907.5.5 Stage As-Built Addition Method/Time-Slice/Windows Analysis 917.5.6 The Deductive Approach 927.5.7 Choice of Method 937.6 Conversion of Programmes to Alternate Software 937.7 Critical Path 947.8 Extensions of Time 958 Direct Costs of Changes/Variations 998.1 Definition 998.2 Prolongation Cost/Extended Site Expenditure 1008.3 Overheads 1019 Disruption 1039.1 Definition 1039.2 Delay and Disruption 1039.3 Global Claims 1059.3.1 Cumulative Impact/Ripple Effect 1059.3.2 John Doyle v Laing 1129.3.3 Conclusion 1169.4 Methods 1169.4.1 Measured Mile 1169.5 Other Methods 1179.5.1 Earned Value (EV) Analysis 1189.5.2 Mathematical Approaches 1199.5.2.1 Example Where There is a Change Proportion of 30% 1219.6 Disruption Can Be Separated Under Two Headings 1229.6.1 Direct Effects 1229.6.2 Indirect Effects and Cumulative Impact of Events 1239.7 Typical Claim Heads 1239.7.1 Out-of-Sequence Working 1239.7.2 Relocation and Disjointed Working (Site Moves) 1259.7.3 Manufacturing - Precast Units, Structural Steelwork, Etc. 1259.7.4 Specialist Plant and Equipment 1269.7.5 Summary 1279.7.6 Overlapping of Tasks/Increased Number of Work Areas 1279.7.7 Crowding 1279.7.8 Increased Procurement Costs 1289.7.9 Thickening/Increased Supervision 1289.7.10 Seasonal Shift 1309.7.11 Inflation 1309.7.12 Acceleration 1319.7.13 Constructive Acceleration and Mitigation 13110 Presentation 13710.1 Introduction 13710.2 Typical List of Contents 13910.2.1 Executive Summary 13910.2.2 Introduction 13910.2.3 Basis of Claim/Contractual Entitlement 14010.2.4 History of Events 14010.2.5 Delay Analysis 14010.2.6 Evaluation 14010.2.7 Summary/Conclusion 14110.2.8 Appendices 14111 Disruption Claim Examples 14311.1 Disruption 14311.1.1 Measured Mile 14311.1.2 Planned Productivity 14511.1.3 Choice of Baseline/Control Areas 14511.1.4 Conclusion from the Measured Mile Calculation 14711.1.5 Disruption Calculations 14811.1.6 Adjustments to Recorded Man-Days 14811.1.7 Time-Related Labour Adjustment 14811.1.8 Assessment of Delays for Varied Works 14811.1.9 Site Moves/Remobilisation 14911.1.10 Delay Events 15011.1.11 Restricted Working Areas 15011.1.12 Varied Works Instructed 15011.1.13 Revised Sequence of Works 15111.1.14 Actual Production Achieved 15111.1.15 Conclusion 15111.1.16 Mathematical Model of Disruption 15211.1.17 Acceleration Costs 15311.A Disruption Claim Example Schedule refer to 11.1.15 15412 Prolongation Costs 15512.1 Prolongation 15512.2 HO Overheads 16012.3 The Hudson Formula 16112.3.1 Modified Hudson (to Remove Double Counting of Profit on Profit) 16112.4 The Emden Formula 16112.5 The Eichleay Formula 16213 Thickening Claims 16313.1 Thickening 163Index 173

O autorze

STEPHEN C. HALL started work in the Construction Industry in 1967 and has over 50 years' experience on a wide range of projects including Motorways, Suspension Bridges, Cement Factory, Multi-Storey Structures, and Hospitals. He has worked all over the UK from Head Office locations in the Midlands and South East, managing major construction projects from the tender to final account stage. Since 1990, he has specialised exclusively on construction claims, adjudication, and arbitration.