Prehistoric Maritime Cultures and Seafaring in East Asia

ISBN-13: 9789813292581 / Angielski / Miękka / 2021 / 332 str.

Chunming Wu; Barry Vladimir Rolett

Recenzje

"The book provides a good collection of archaeological information on numerous sites in East Asia, particularly along the coasts of China, Taiwan, and the Southeast Asian mainland that, until recently, have not been available to international readers. ... the book's main thesis that early maritime activities in the region were undoubtedly present and vibrant for thousands of years, paving the way for the so-called Maritime Silk Road is well conveyed." (Ligaya S. P. Lacsina, Journal of Maritime Archaeology, Vol. 17 (2), 2022)

Spis treści

List of Figures 

List of Tables

Introduction （Chunming Wu and Barry V. Rolett）

Part I: Neolithic and Metal Age Maritime Cultures of South China and Southeast Asia

1  A Synthetic Analysis of the Neolithic Origins of Eastern and Southeastern Asia's Maritime Silk Road

Chunming Wu（吴春明）

1.1  Introduction

1.2  A Brief Review of the Traditional Meanings Associated with the Maritime Silk Road

1.2.1  The Maritime Transportation between East and West and Its Role in the Ancient System of "Four Seas " and "Four Oceans " Navigation in China

1.2.2  The Indigenous Yi and Yue Origins of the Maritime Silk Road

1.3  The Neolithic Seafaring Origins of the Historical North Ocean“Nautical Route to Koryo and Bohai from Dengzhou” among the Indigenous Yi

1.4  The Origins of the East Ocean Navigation Network in the Maritime Emigration of Indigenous Bai-Yue and Proto-Austronesians

1.5  The Origins of the Historical "South China Sea Route via Xuwen and Hepu" in Maritime Culture of Indigenous South-Yue and Luo-Yue

1.6  Conclusion

References

2  A Maritime Route Brought First Farmers to Mainland Southeast Asia

Charles Higham

2.1  Introduction

2.2  The Fuzhou Basin

2.3  The Red River Region

2.4  The Dong Nai River

2.5  The Gulf of Siam

2.6  Discussion and Conclusions

References

3  The Origins, Expansion, and Decline of Early Hunter-Gatherers along the South China Coast

Hsiaochun Hung（洪晓纯）and Chi Zhang（张弛）

3.1  Introduction

3. 2  The Coastline of Fujian, Guangdong, and Guangxi

3. 2.1  Fujian Region

3. 2.2  Guangdong and Guangxi

3. 3  Hainan and Taiwan

3. 3.1  Hainan

3. 3.2  Taiwan

3. 4  Coordinating Lines of Evidence about Ancient Coastal Peoples

3. 4.1  Subsistence

3. 4.2  Burial Practice and Physical Affiliation

3. 5  Origins and Decline

3. 5.1  External Source 1: Inland Fujian-Guangdong-Guangxi

3. 5.2  External Source 2: The Middle and Lower Yangtze River

3. 6  Conclusions

References

4  Pollen Evidence for Human-Induced Landscape Change Reveals the History of Agriculture Development in Southeastern China

Ting Ma（马婷）and Zhuo Zheng（郑卓）

4.1  Introduction

4.2  Pollen Records Reveal Human-Induced Landscape Changes in Southeastern China

4.3  Conclusion: The Three Stages of Rice Domestication in Southeast China

References

5  Subsistence Patterns Associated with Shell Middens from the Pre-Qin Period in Coastal Region of China.

Luo Zhao（赵荦）

5.1  Introduction

5.2  Overview of Shell Middens in China

5.3  Subsistence Patterns Associated with Shell Middens

5.3.1  The Exploitation of Fauna and Flora

5.3.2  The Domestication of Fauna and Flora

5.3.3  Shell Middens and Subsistence in China

5.4  Changing Subsistence Patterns Based on Shell Middens

5.4.1  The Appearance of Shell Middens in China

5.4.2  Changing Subsistence Patterns in Shell Middens

5.4.3  The Decline of Shell Middens

5.5, Conclusion

References

6  A Preliminary Analysis of the Development of Neolithic Culture in Coastal Region of Guangdong

Yan Li（李岩）

6.1  The Topographical Landscape and Neolithic Cultural Distribution in Coastal Guangdong

6.2  Chronology and Cultural Sequence of Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Sites

6.2.1  Stage 1, The Xiantouling Culture

6.2.2  Stage 2, The Guye Culture

6.2.3  Stage 3, Early Stage I of the Yuanzhou Site

6.2.4  Stage 4, Phase III of the Baojingwan Site

6.2.5  Stage 5, Phase II of the Houshawan Site

6.2.6  Stage 6, Early Stage of Phase I, the Cuntou Site

6.2.7  Stage 7, Late Stage of Phase I and Phase II-III, the Cuntou Site

6.3  Cultural Interaction and the Development of Maritime Subsistence

6.3.1  Early Cultural Contact and Subsistence Relating to Hunting and Gathering in the Xiantauling Culture (7000-6000 BP)

6.3.2  Coastal Cultural Interaction and the Development of Marine Subsistence in Guye Culture (6000-5000 BP)

6.3.3  The Development of Local Cultural Tradition and its Influence along the South China Sea coast (5000-4000BP)

6.3.4  Outward Cultural Diffusion along the Coast of the South China Sea to the Beibu Gulf Region (4000-3500BP)

6.4  Conclusion

References

7  Early Maritime Subsistence and Adaptive Ocean Cultures along the Beibu Gulf Coast

Zhen Li（李珍）

7.1  Introduction

7.2  Early Maritime Cultural Sites along the Coast of the Beibu Gulf

7.1.1  Guangxi

7.1.2  Guangdong

7.1.3  Hainan

7.1.4  Vietnam

7.3  Dating and Chronology of the Early Maritime Cultures along the Coast of the Beibu Gulf

7.4  Implications for the Subsistence and Cultural Characteristics of the Early Maritime Cultures of the Beibu Gulf Coast

7.5  Conclusion

References

8  The Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age on the Northeastern Coastal of Vietnam. 

Kim Dung Nguyen

8.1  The Discovery and Chronology of Prehistoric Settlements on Vietnam's Northeast Coast

8.2  The Soi Nhu Culture (Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene)

8.3  The Cai Beo Culture

8.3.1  Stage I: Cai Beo Culture

8.3.2  Stage II: Ha Long Culture

8.4  The Ha Long Culture (5500-3500 BP)

  8.4.1  Ha Long Culture, Early Stage

  8.4.2  Ha Long Culture, Late Stage

8.5  Nephrite Ornament Manufacture Workshops from the Trang Kenh Group

8.6  Conclusions

References

9  Why Rice Farmers Don't Sail: Coastal Subsistence Traditions and Maritime Trends in Early China

Ling Qin（秦岭）and Dorian Fuller

9.1  Introduction

9.2  Early Wet Rice Cultures of the Lower Yangtze and the Focus on Inland Wetlands

9.3  Wet Rice and Alternative Neolithic Production Systems: The Mathematics of Demography and Land Use

9.4  Rice and Agricultural Dispersal in East Asia

9.4.1  Rice as Supplement: Early Farming and Northeast Asian Maritime Cultures 

9.4.2  Low Intensity Millets and the First Cereals in Island Southeast Asia 

9.4.3  Mainland Southeast Asian Farming: Millet, Dry Rice and a Late Hydraulic Turn 

9.5  Conclusion: Contextualizing the Dispersal of Rice 

References

Part II: Prehistoric Seafaring and Exchange: From Coastal Waters to the Open Sea 

10  Social Reciprocity Facilitated Overseas Exchange in Early Austronesian Cultures

Barry Rolett

10.1  Introduction

10.2  The Social and Economic Context of Early Austronesian Exchange

10.3  A Comparative Ethnography of Polynesian Gift Exchange

10.4  Discussion

References

11 Perspective on Early Holocene Maritime Ethnic Groups of the Taiwan Strait Based on the “ Liangdao Man” Skeletons

Chung-yu Chen（陈仲玉）

11.1  Introduction

11. 2  Some Issues Relating to the “Liangdao Man” Skeletons

11.2.1  Physical Anthropology Measurements

11.2.2  DNA Analysis

11. 2.3  The reconstructing Prehistoric Subsistence

11.3 An Ethnographic Analogy: Kedeh Tradition of Maritime Hunter-Gathers on the Fujian coast

11.4  Conclusion

References

12  Coast to Coast: The Spread of Cereal Cultivation in the Taiwan Strait Region before 3500 BP

Tuukka Kaikkonen

12.1  Introduction

12.2  Background

12.2.1  Terminology

12.2.2  The Foraging–Farming Transition

12.3  The Environmental Context

12.4  The Archaeological Record

12. 4.1  Southern China

12.4.2  The Fujian Neolithic, 6500-3500BP

12. 4.3  Southern Fujian Coast and Inland Fujian Neolithic

12. 4.4 Taiwan and the Taiwan Strait Neolithic, 6000-3500BP

12. 5  Conclusion

References

13  A Study on Geometric Stamped Pattern Pottery and the Early Maritime Cultural Interactions between Mainland China and Taiwan

Lin Fu（付琳）

13.1 Development Sequence for Geometric Stamped Pattern Pottery in the Minjiang River Region

13.2  Development Sequence for the Geometric Stamped Pattern Pottery of Taiwan

13.3  Cultural Comparison Across the Taiwan Strait

13.4  Conclusion

References

14  Tapa Beaters from 5000 to 4200 BP in Taiwan

Su-chiu Kuo（郭素秋）

14.1  Introduction

14.2  Tapa Beaters from the Tapenkeng Period, Taiwan

14.2.1  Tapa Beaters with Handles and Their Cultural Associations

14.2.2  Tapa Beaters without Handle (Compound Beaters)

14.3  Cultural Characteristic and their Prehistoric Origins in Taiwan, 5000 to 4200 BP

14.3.1  The Pottery and Stone Tool Techniques of the Tapenkeng Period

14.3.2  Spread of Maritime Cultural Characteristics from Mainland South China to Taiwan, 5000 to 4200 BP

14.4  Conclusion

References

15  Double-Shouldered Barkcloth Beaters and Prehistoric Seafaring in South China and Southeast Asia

Maya Hayashi Tang, Kim Dung Nguyen, Mana Hayashi Tang and Chung Tang（邓聪）

15.1  Introduction

15.2  The Earliest Beaters: Composite Types in the Pearl River Delta

15.3  Emergence of Club Beaters

15.4  Hainan Type Beaters: The Double-Shouldered Stone Beater

15.5  Sites Associated with the Double-Shouldered Stone Beater

  15.5.1  The Mainland: Yunnan and Guangdong Provinces of Mainland China and Vietnam

  15.5.2  The Islands: Hainan of Mainland China, Luzon in the Philippines, and Taiwan

15.6  Discussion

References

16  Prehistoric Migration and Cultural Change in the Philippines Archipelago

Eusebio Z. Dizon

16.1  Introduction

16.2   The Philippines in the "Out of Taiwan" Model of Austronesian Dispersal

16.3  Early Evidence for Boat-Making in the Philippines

16.4  Society and Cultural Contact During the Metal Age, from about 500 BC to 1000 AD

16.4.1  The Manunggul Jar

16.4.2  The Maitum Jars

16.4.3  The Lebak Jars: Limestone Urns

16.4.4  The Bacong Jars

16.4.5  The Golden Tara: Agusan Image

16.4.6  The Calatagan Pot with Syllabary

16.5  The Shipping Trade in the Philippines from the Ninth to Nineteenth Centuries

16.5.1  The Butuan Boats

16.5.2  Shipwrecks and Underwater Archaeology

16.6  Conclusion

References

17  Prehistoric Ryūkyūans Seafaring: A Cultural and Environmental Perspective

Naoko Kinoshita 

17.1  Introduction

17.2  Geographic Relations

17.3  Cultural Relationship between the Yaeyama Islands and Taiwan

17.4  Cultural Relationships between the Three islands in South Ryukyu

17.5  Economic Relations

17.6  Cultural Relation between Taiwan and mainland China

17.7  Conclusions

References

O autorze

​Chunming Wu ( B.A. and M.A. in Archaeology and PH.D. in Chinese History from Xiamen University)  is currently a researcher at Xiamen University’s Center for Maritime Archaeology. Dr. Wu’s interests are in the field of maritime archaeology, and the prehistoric culture and early aboriginal ethno- history of southeast China and Southeast Asia. He was awarded a visiting scholarship by the American Council of Learned Society & Luce Foundation at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, and Harvard Yenching Institute, Harvard University.

He has published 6 monographs: Archaeological Research of the History and Cultures of Prehistoric Aboriginals in Southeast China (1999), Archaeological Research of Capital of Min-Yue Kingdom of Han Dynasty(1998), The Shipwreck Archaeology in Seas Surrounding China (2003), Maritime Archaeology (2007), The Maritime Cultural Interaction between Indigenous Yue and Austronesian (2012), The Archaeological and Historical Research on the Maritime Cultural Heritage (2016), and more than 150 academic papers.

Barry Vladimir Rolett (Pomona College, B.A.; Yale University, M.Phil. and Ph.D.) is a professor of Anthropology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. He has conducted archaeological research in Polynesia and on the coast of southeast China. Polynesian origins can be traced to southeast China, explaining why his research drew him there.

Dr. Rolett's work in China is collaborative and interdisciplinary, investigating Neolithic cultures, maritime adaptation, the spread of rice agriculture and the ultimate origins of the Polynesians. As part of this work, he helped initiate the first Sino-American collaboration for archaeological research in Fujian.

In the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia, Dr. Rolett has led more than twenty expeditions and collaborated with the local community to establish the Te Ana Peua archaeology museum, which exhibits and curates the artifacts discovered during their projects.  

Blurb

This book focuses on prehistoric East Asian maritime cultures that pre-dated the Maritime Silk Road, the "Four Seas" and "Four Oceans" navigation system recorded in historical documents of ancient China. Origins of the Maritime Silk Road can be traced to prosperous Neolithic and Metal Age maritime-oriented cultures dispersed along the coastlines of prehistoric China and Southeast Asia.

The topics explored here include Neolithisation and the development of prehistoric maritime cultures during the Neolithic and early Metal Age; the expansion and interaction of these cultures along coastlines and across straits; the "two-layer" hypothesis for explaining genetic and cultural diversity in south China and Southeast Asia; prehistoric seafaring and early sea routes; the paleogeography and vegetation history of coastal regions; Neolithic maritime livelihoods based on hunting/fishing/foraging adaptations; rice and millet cultivation and their dispersal along the coast and across the open sea; and interaction between farmers and maritime-oriented hunter/fisher/foragers. In addition, a series of case studies enhances understanding of the development of prehistoric navigation and the origin of the Maritime Silk Road in the Asia-Pacific region.