Prehistoric Human Bone: Archaeology at the Molecular Level

ISBN-13: 9783662028964 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 313 str.

Joseph B. Lambert; Gisela Grupe; Joseph B. Lambert

Opis

Locked up within human bone are tantalizing clues concerning the diets consumed by ancient peoples. On the one hand the amounts of certain elementsin bone (strontium, zinc) serve as measures of protein, fiber, and calcium intake. On the other hand, the ratios of carbon isotopes and of nitrogen isotopes provide information on questions of fish vs. meat, herbivore vs. carnivore, or (for animals) browser (shrubs) vs. grazer (grasses). Such information can provide a window on many aspects of prehistoric cultures and can supplement the nonskeletal archaeological record. In addition to these two approaches, the biochemical record in bone from protein and nucleic acids such as DNA serves as a source of nondietary information such as genetic relationships. This volume treats all three subjects.: elemental, isotopic, and biochemical. The foremost experts in the areas provide fundamental descriptions of the techniques, express their concerns over the limitations of the methods, and describe recent applications to archaeological studies.

Spis treści

Experimental Evidence for the Relationship of the Carbon Isotope Ratios of Whole Diet and Dietary Protein to Those of Bone Collagen and Carbonate.- Age Differences and Population Variation in Stable Isotope Values from Ontario, Canada.- Light, Stable Isotopes and the Subsistence Base of Formative Cultures at Valdivia, Ecuador.- Isotopic Evidence for Diets of Prehistoric Farmers in South Africa.- Effect of Diet Quality and Composition on the Isotopic Composition of Respiratory CO2, Bone Collagen, Bioapatite, and Soft Tissues.- Ba/Ca as a Diagenetic Indicator for Evaluating Buried Bone Tissues: Advances in Tissue Selection, Reducing Contamination and Data Evaluation.- Reproducibility and Reliability of Trace Element Analysis in an Italian Medieval Necropolis.- Baselines and Variabilities of Major and Trace Elements in Bone.- Indicators for Seasonality in Trace Element Patterns.- Dietary Inferences from Element Analyses of Bone.- The Investigation of Lipids in Organic Residues by Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry: Applications to Palaeodietary Studies.- Initial Stages of Bone Decomposition: Causes and Consequences.- The Other Molecules in Ancient Bone: Noncollagenous Proteins and DNA.- Abrasion as an Intrinsic Factor in Palaeodiet.

O autorze

Gisela Grupe ist Professorin für Anthropologie an der LMU München.