Practical Drug Enforcement

ISBN-13: 9780849398087 / Angielski / Twarda / 2006 / 368 str.

Michael D. Lyman

Opis

This text offers an incisive look at the technical methods required to conduct successful drug investigations. It explores specific enforcement problems, such as marijuana cultivation, crack houses, booby traps, and raid planning.

Spis treści

Initiation of Drug Investigations: Sources of Information
Case Initiation,
Target Selection,
Receiving Information,
Verifying Information, Case Preparation,
Budgeting Resources,
Other Information Sources
Outside Law Enforcement Agencies
The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
The U.S. Customs Service
The U.S. Marshal Service
Other Criminal Justice Agencies
Probation and Parole Offices
Court Records
Prosecutor’s Records
Public Service Agencies
State Departments of Motor Vehicles
Social Service Agencies
Medical Examiner’s Office
City or State Licensing Departments
Tax Departments
Departments of Highways or Roads
Health Departments
Sanitation Departments
Boards of Education
Practical Drug Enforcement
Private Sector Sources
Telephone/Cellular Phone Companies
Public Utility Companies
Banks
Credit Agencies
Telegraph Companies
Other Sources
Undercover Intelligence
Trashing
Summary
Suggested Readings
Undercover Operations
Preparing for Undercover Assignments
Personnel
The Roles of Officers
Equipment
Standard-Issue Police Equipment
Special Equipment
Vehicles
Radios
Recording Devices
Undercover Identification
Weapons
Working Undercover
The Cover Story
Protecting the Undercover Officer’s Cover
Infiltration
Drug-Buy Operations
Preparations
Hazards
The Buy–Walk Procedure
The Buy–Bust Procedure
Location of the Buy
Outdoor Locations
Indoor Locations
Precautions
Planning the Drug Buy
Prebuy Planning
Postbuy Planning
The Flash-Roll
Conspiracy Investigations
Element One: The Agreement
Element Two: The Overt Act
Types of Conspiracies
The Chain Conspiracy
The Wheel Conspiracy
The Enterprise Conspiracy
Forfeiture Sanctions
Sharing Provisions of Federal Forfeiture Laws
The Vehicle Indemnity Form
Identification of Drug Evidence
Narcotics
Narcotics of Natural Origin
Opium
Morphine
Codeine
Semisynthetic Narcotics
Heroin
Hydromorphone
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
Synthetic Narcotics
Oxycontin
Meperidine
Dextropropoxyphene
Fentanyl 5
Narcotic Treatment Drugs
Methadone
LAAM
Stimulants
Cocaine
Street Terms: Cocaine
Amphetamines
Methamphetamine
Khat
Depressants
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Rohypnol
Rohypnol and Drug-Facilitated Rape
Practical Drug Enforcement
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
GHB and Drug-Facilitated Rape
Chloral Hydrate
Cannabis
Marijuana
Bongs
Hashish
Hashish Oil
Hallucinogens
LSD
Peyote and Mescaline
New Hallucinogens
MDMA (Ecstasy) and other Phenethylamines
Raves
Phencyclidine and Related Drugs
Ketamine
Informant Management
Who Becomes an Informant?
Types of Informants
Psychological Motivations of Informants
The Fear Motivation
The Revenge Motivation
The Perverse Motivation
The Mercenary Motivation
The Repentance Motivation
The Egotistical Motivation
The Unwitting Informant
Informant Interviews
Contracting an Informant
Method of Payment
Expenditures of Official Drug Funds
Criminal Activity by the Informant
The Cooperating Individual Agreement
Informant Payments
Use of Female Informants by Male Officers
Statement of Officer-Informant Relationship
Informant Statements
Procedures for Drug Purchases
Inside Drug Buys
Multiple Drug Buys
Controlled Drug Buys (Informant Drug Buys)
Mutual Agreements and Understandings
The Cover Story
Method of Introduction
Negotiating Amounts
Time of Day
Manipulation of Funds
Protection of Informant Identity
Wilson v. United States
Special Informant Problems
The Informant with “Cold Feet”
The Informant and the Target’s Right to Counsel
Other Problems with Informants
Officer-Informant Relationships
Informants of the Opposite Sex
Crimes Committed by the Informant
Officers Who “Own” Their Informants
The Informant in the Courtroom
The Controlled Drug Purchase
Surveillance Operations
Preparing for the Surveillance
Foot Surveillance
One-Man Surveillance
Two-Man Surveillance
ABC Method
Progressive or “Leapfrog” Method
Difficulties in Surveillance Operations
Vehicle Surveillance
Fixed Surveillance
Electronic Surveillance
Audio Surveillance
Bumper Beepers
Wiretaps
Passive Monitoring
Video and Photo Surveillance
Undercover Apartments
Surveillance of Undercover Personnel
Stakeouts
Preparation
Practical Drug Enforcement
Personnel Selection
Equipment
Briefings
Assignment of Duties
Team Planning
Training
Communications
Deployment
Stakeout Postevent Procedures
Foot Pursuits
Satellite-Assisted Surveillance
Thermal Imaging
The Mechanics of Thermal Imaging
Thermal Imaging Applications
Structure Profiles
Disturbed Services/Hidden Compartments
Legal Limitations of Thermal Imaging
Serving High-Risk Warrants
Classifying High-Risk Warrants
Step One: Planning
Step Two: Briefing
Step Three: Execution
Step Four: Critique
Booby Traps
Exterior Booby Traps
Safety Precautions
Types of Traps
The Punji Pit
The Foot Breaker
The Trotline
The Mousetrap
Interior Booby Traps
Safety Precautions
Types of Traps
Magazine Bomb
Hot Light
Armstrong’s Mixture
Other Weapons
Drug Raid Procedures
Checklist for Raid Preparation
The Raid Leader
Tactical Considerations
External Control Methods
Immediate Reaction Maneuver
L-Shaped Clearance Maneuver
L-Shaped Sweep Maneuver
Internal Control Methods
The Wraparound Entry Method
The Crisscross Entry Method
The High-Risk Entry Method
The Final Raid Report
Drug Enforcement and the Patrol Officer
Patrol Enforcement of Drug Violations
Intelligence Gathering
Street Observations
Unrelated Arrests
Open-Air Drug Markets and Police Patrol
Open-Air Drug Markets
Drug Dealer Profiles
The Jamaican Drug Operation Case Study
Patrol Response to Open-Air Markets
The Coordinated Response
Conducting Area and Vehicle Searches
Interdicting Drugs in Transit
Major Transportation Routes
Identifying Drug Couriers
Observing the Behavior of Drug Couriers
Investigative Stops Using Drug Courier Profiles
Profiling: The Legal Environment
Clandestine Laboratories
Safety Considerations
Identifying Laboratory Operations
Investigation Techniques
Seizure and Forfeiture
Health and Safety Regulations
Practical Drug Enforcement
Chemicals Found in Laboratories
Hazardous Chemicals
Conducting a Laboratory Raid
Contamination Prevention and Decontamination
Controlling Precursor Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Diversion
Drug Control Legislation
Drug Types and Regulations
Diversion Tactics
Physician Investigations
Doctors Who Divert Drugs
Nurses Who Divert Drugs
Drug Theft
Substituting Drugs
Undercover “Patients”
Medical License Control
Prescription Clinics
Stress and Pain Clinics
Pharmacy Investigations
Prescription Forgeries
Punishment of Violators
Professional Patients (the “Scammer)
The Fat Lady Scam
The Breast Cancer Scam
The Toothache Scam
The Altered Scrip Scam
The Phantom Refill Scam
The Drug Audit
Problems in Diversion Investigations
Special Enforcement Operations
Marijuana Cultivation
Growing Marijuana
Commercial Grade
Sinsemilla
Indoor Growing Operations
Cloning
Hydroponics
Evidence of Marijuana Cultivation
Domestic Eradication
Smuggling Investigations
Air Smuggling
Aircrafts for Smuggling
Aircraft Data Plates
Search of a Typical Light Plane
Search of Commercial Aircraft
The Pilots
Ground Smuggling
Search of a Typical Automobile
Reverse Sting Operations
Planning the Reverse Sting
Manpower Considerations
Conducting the Sting
Legal Considerations in Drug Enforcement Operations
Surreptitious Monitoring of Suspect’s Conversations
Types of Surreptitiously Monitored Statements
Fourth Amendment Challenges
Fifth Amendment Challenges
Sixth Amendment Challenges
Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel in Police Car and in Interrogation Room Monitoring Scenarios
Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel in Jail Monitoring Scenarios
The Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel in the “Unrelated Charge”
Monitoring of Suspects in Sixth Amendment Situations: “Elicitation” vs. “Listening Post”
Summary of Sixth Amendment
Monitoring under Federal and State Statutes
Federal Law: The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act
State law
Entrapment
Sorrels v. United States
Sherman v. United States
Confusion
Practical Drug Enforcement
United States v. Russell
Hampton v. United States
Jacobson v. United States
Predisposition
Definition of “Predisposition”
Factors in Predisposition
Possession with Intent to Distribute Drugs
Possession
Actual Possession
Constructive Possession
Joint Possession
Lookouts, Brokers, and Other Participants
Possession with Intent to Distribute
Quantity
Quality
Packaging
Location
Large Amounts of Cash
Weapons
Addiction of the Possessor
Presence of Paraphernalia
Traffic
Association with Known Dealers, Gang Membership
Searching and Seizing Drug Evidence
Searching the Suspect’s Premises
Searching the Suspect’s Vehicle
The Front-End
The Interior
The Rear Area
The Underside
Searching Pickup Trucks and Work Vehicles
Other Vehicles
Consent Searches
Dwelling Searches
Handling Drug Evidence
Counting and Weighing Evidence
Sealing and Labeling Evidence
Suggested Reading
Appendix I: Drug Scheduling
Appendix II
Appendix III: Code of Federal Regulations: Section 1310.02 — Substances Covered

O autorze

Michael D. Lyman, Vicky Manning