Acknowledgements; Conventions; Abbreviations; List of Tables; Map; Introduction; Chapter 1. Ideas, Attitudes and Ambitions; Section I: The Development of Kirk Session Poor Relief; Chapter 2. Urban Beginnings and Developments, c. 1560-c. 1610; Chapter 3. Poor Relief Beyond the Main Burghs, c. 1590-c. 1650; Chapter 4: Poor Relief under Stress; Section II: The Nature of Kirk Session Poor Relief; Chapter 5. The Mechanics of Relief; Chapter 6. Who Were the Poor? The Recipients of Relief; Chapter 7. Who Was Deserving? Decision-Making and Discrimination; Chapter 8. Beyond the Kirk Session: Mixed Economies of Relief; Conclusion; Appendix: Equivalent Values from Wages and Prices; Bibliography