Polyploidy: Biological Relevance

ISBN-13: 9781461330714 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 583 str.

Walter H. Lewis

Opis

Polyploidy as a dramatic mutational event in the process of evolution has wide implications in nature and for the generation of new and improved crops. The three day Conference on POLYPLOIDY: BIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE focused on three aspects of this natural phenomenon: the first emphasized the characteristics of polyploidy, the second described the occurrence of polyploidy among plants and animals, and the third considered past and future areas of both fundamental and pragmatic research that involve polyploidy. New information relative to origin, cytogenetics, ecology, physiology, biochemistry, and populational studies stress the need to reexamine current views on the origins of polyploidy and its significance among both plants and animals. There are major differences in the occurrence of polyploidy between. plant groups and it is proving a much more common event among bisexual vertebrates than heretofore considered possible. Crop development and improvement must utilize approaches based fundamentally on more natural systems; in fact future research should focus more on polyploidy as a natural phenomenon that needs study at all levels of endeavor from field-oriented populational aspects to sophisticated molecular analyses and genome manipulations. This volume provides a summary of current knowledge of polyploidy pertinent to botanists, zoologists, and agriculturists who are interested in the evolution o natural systems and who are concerned with the contribution that crop improvement can make to human well-being. Walter H. Lewis St. Louis, Missouri October, 1979 v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Host Committee thanks all speakers and moderators for their generous contribution to the Conference and to this volume.

Spis treści

I. Polyploidy in Plant Evolution.- Origins of Polyploids.- Cytogenetics of Polyploids.- Polyploidy and Distribution.- Physiology of Polyploids.- Chemistry of Polyploids.- Polyploidy in Species Populations.- Polyploidy in Plant Evolution: Summary.- II. Polyploidy in Plant Taxa.- Polyploidy in Algae.- Polyploidy in Fungi.- Polyploidy in Bryophytes with Special Emphasis on Mosses.- Polyploidy in Pteridophytes.- Polyploidy in Gymnosperms.- Polyploidy in Angiosperms: Monocotyledons.- Polyploidy in Angiosperms: Dicotyledons.- Polyploidy in Plant Taxa: Summary.- III. Polyploidy in Animal Evolution.- Polyploidy in Insect Evolution.- Role of Polyploidy in the Evolution of Fishes.- Evolutionary Significance of Polyploidy in Amphibians and Reptiles.- Polyploidy In Animal Evolution: Summary.- IV. Polyploidy and Agriculture.- Polyploidy and Plant Domestication.- Problems of AlloPolyploidy in Triticale.- Uses of Wheat Aneuploids.- Some Applications and Misapplications of Induced Polyploidy to Plant Breeding.- Maximizing Heterozygosity in Autopolyploids.- Polyploidy and Agriculture: Summary.- V. Polyploidy: Future Prospects.- Polyploidy in Plants: Unsolved Problems and Prospects.- Workshop Reports.- Polyploidy, Plants, and Electrophoresis.- Molecular Techniques Applied to Polyploids.- Principles of Demographic Analysis Applied to Natural Polyploid Populations.- Newly Attained Polyploidy and/or Clonal Reproduction in Animals: The Brink of Extinction or Threshold to New Frontiers?.- Cytogenetics and Crop Improvement.- Conference Participants.- List of Contributors.- Index to Names of Organisms.

O autorze

Walter H. Lewis, PhD, DSc, is Professor Emeritus of Biology and University Research Ethnobotanist at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. He is also Senior Botanist at the Missouri Botanical Garden.