Plant Developmental Biology - Biotechnological Perspectives, Volume 2

ISBN-13: 9783642046698 / Angielski / Twarda / 2010 / 424 str.

Pua, Eng Chong

Opis

Manyexcitingdiscoveriesinrecentdecadeshavecontributednewknowledgeto ourunderstandingofthemechanismsthatregulatevariousstagesofplantgrowth anddevelopment. Suchinformation, coupledwithadvancesincellandmolecular biology, isfundamentaltocropimprovementusingbiotechnologicalapproaches. Twovolumesconstitutethepresentwork. The?rst, comprising22chapters, commenceswithintroductionsrelatingtogeneregulatorymodelsforplantdev- opmentandcropimprovement, particularlytheuseofArabidopsisasamodelplant. Thesechaptersarefollowedbyspeci?ctopicsthatfocusondifferentdevelopmental aspectsassociatedwithvegetativeandreproductivephasesofthelifecycleofa plant. Six chapters discuss vegetative growth and development. Their contents considertopicssuchasshootbranching, buddormancyandgrowth, thedevel- ment of roots, nodules and tubers, and senescence. The reproductive phase of plantdevelopmentisin14chaptersthatpresenttopicssuchas?oralorganinit- tionandtheregulationof?owering, thedevelopmentofmaleandfemalegametes, pollengerminationandtubegrowth, fertilization, fruitdevelopmentandripening, seed development, dormancy, germination, and apomixis. Male sterility and self-incompatibilityarealsodiscussed. Volume2has20chapters, threeofwhichreviewrecentadvancesinsomatic embryogenesis, microsporeembryogenesisandsomaclonalvariation. Sevenofthe chapterstargetplantprocessesandtheirregulation, includingphotosynthatepartiti- ing, seedmaturationandseedstorageproteinbiosynthesis, theproductionandregu- tionoffattyacids, vitamins, alkaloidsand?owerpigments, and?owerscent. This secondbookalsocontainsfourchaptersonhormonalandenvironmentalsignaling (aminocompounds-containinglipids, auxin, cytokinin, andlight)intheregulationof plantdevelopment;othertopicsencompassthemoleculargeneticsofdevelopmental regulation, includingRNAsilencing, DNAmethylation, epigenetics, activationt- ging, homologousrecombination, andtheengineeringofsyntheticpromoters. Thesebookswillserveaskeyreferencesforadvancedstudentsandresearchers involved in a range of plant-orientated disciplines, including genetics, cell and molecularbiology, functionalgenomics, andbiotechnology. August2009 E-C. PuaandM. R. Davey v Contents PartI CellDifferentiationandDevelopmentInVitro 1 DevelopmentalBiologyofSomaticEmbryogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 R. J. Rose, F. R. Mantiri, S. Kurdyukov, S-K. Chen, X-D. Wang, K. E. Nolan, andM. B. Sheahan 1. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. 2 BasicRequirementsforInVitroSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1. 3 ExplantandStemCellBiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1. 3. 1 Genotype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1. 3. 2 ExplantCells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1. 4 EarliestEventinEmbryogenesis AsymmetricCellDivision . . . . . . . 8 1. 4. 1 CellWallinEstablishmentofPolarity, DivisionAsymmetry andCellFate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1. 4. 2 DivisionAsymmetryintheInitiationofSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1. 4. 3 AsymmetricDivisionandtheSuspensorinSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1. 5 StressComponentintheInitiationofSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1. 5. 1 ReactiveOxygenSpecies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1. 5. 2 Stress-RelatedHormoneSignalling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1. 6 HormonesandtheInitiationofSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1. 7 InductionofSEbyOver-ExpressionofLeafyCotyledon TranscriptionFactorsandTheirRelationshiptoSEInductionand Repression theGAConnection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1. 8 ABA, StressandGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1. 9 SolubleSignalsandCell CellInteractionsthatPromoteSEin SuspensionCultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1. 9. 1 SecretedProteinsthatIn?uenceSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1. 9. 2 AGPSignallinginSE: MechanismsandInteractionsBetween SignallingPathways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1. 9. 3 Cell CellInteractionandRelevancetoSEinSuspension Cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 vii viii Contents 1. 10 DevelopmentProgramAfterSEInduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1. 11 ConcludingRemarksandaModelBasedonStudiesin Medicagotruncatula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1. 12 SEandBiotechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2 MicrosporeEmbryogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 A. Olmedilla 2. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2. 2 DiscoveryoftheProductionofHaploidsbyAntherCulture . . . . . . . . 29 2. 3 StrategiesfortheInductionofMicrosporeEmbryogenesis . . . . . . . . . 29 2. 4 In?uenceofDifferentFactorsinMicrosporeEmbryogenesis . . . . . . . 30 2. 4. 1 Genotype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2. 4. 2 DonorPlantPhysio

Spis treści

Part I Cell Differentiation and Development In Vitro 1 Developmental Biology of Somatic Embryogenesis R.J. ROSE, F.R. MANTIRI, S. KURDYUKOV, S.-K. CHEN, X.-D. WANG, K.E. NOLAN, and M.B. SHEAHAN Introduction Basic Requirements for In Vitro Somatic Embryogenesis Explant and Stem Cell Biology Earliest Event in Embryogenesis – Asymmetric Cell Division Stress Component in the Initiation of Somatic Embryogenesis Hormones and the Initiation of Somatic Embryogenesis Induction of SE by Over-Expression of Leafy Cotyledon Transcription Factors and their Relationship to SE induction and Repression – the GA Connection ABA, Stress and GA Soluble Signals and Cell -Cell Interactions that Promote SE in Suspension Cultures Development Program after SE induction Concluding Remarks and a Model Based on Studies in Medicago truncatula SE and Biotechnology References 2 Microspore Embryogenesis A. OLMEDILLA Introduction Discovery of the Production of Haploids by Anther Culture Strategies for the Induction of Microspore Embryogenesis Influence of Different Factors in Microspore Embryogenesis Cellular and Molecular Events Associated with Microspore Embryogenesis Conclusions References 3 Stress and Somaclonal Variation A.M. VÁZQUEZ and R. LINACERO Introduction Stress Responses in Plants Tissue Culture Imposes a Stress to the Cultivated In VitroCells Cultured Cells and Regenerated Plants Showed Variations Concluding Remarks References Part II Plant Processes and Its Regulation 4 Photosynthate Partitioning N.G. HALFORD Introduction Source and Sink Sugars as Signalling Molecules Key Metabolic Regulators Applications in Biotechnology Concluding Remarks References 5 Molecular Physiology of Seed Maturation and Seed Storage Protein Biosynthesis H. WEBER, N. SREENIVASULU, and W. WESCHKE Introduction Seed Maturation Sucrose as a Maturation Signal Synthesis and Deposition of Storage Proteins in Crop Seeds Storage Proteins in Cereals Metabolic Control of Seed Storage Protein Synthesis Outlook References 6 Fatty Acid Biosynthesis and Regulation in Plants R. RAJASEKHARAN and V. NACHIAPPAN Introduction Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Fatty Acid Elongation Fatty Acid Desaturation Unusual Fatty Acids Assembly of Fatty Acids Conclusions References 7 Biosynthesis and Regulation of Carotenoids in Plants - Micronutrients, Vitamins and Health Benefits C. I. CAZZONELLI, N. NISAR, D. HUSSAIN, M. CARMODY, and B.J. POGSON Introduction: Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Higher Plants Carotenoids and Plant Development Health Benefits of Carotenoid-Deri

Blurb

Understanding the mechanisms whereby plant development is regulated is crucial for crop improvement using genetic engineering. This work, comprising two volumes, reviews recent advances in plant developmental biology and explores the possibility of their practical applications from biotechnological perspectives.

Volume 1 deals with the plant model and its life cycle. Topics include the formation of shoots, roots, flowers and gametes, pollen germination, fertilization, fruit development and ripening, seed development, dormancy and germination, apomixis, male sterility and self-incompatibility.

Volume 2 focuses on development-related areas, including tissue culture (somatic embryogenesis, microspore embryogenesis, somaclonal variation), plant processes (photosynthesis, seed maturation and seed proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, alkaloids, flower pigments and scent), signalling (amino compound-containing lipids, auxins, cytokinins and light), and molecular genetics of developmental regulation (RNA silencing, DNA methylation, epigenetics, activation tagging, homologous recombination and synthetic promoter engineering).

This work is a key reference for plant breeders, researchers and graduate students in the fields of plant biotechnology, agronomy, horticulture, genetics and functional genomics, and cell and molecular biology.