Plant Breeding in the Omics Era

ISBN-13: 9783319346144 / Angielski / Miękka / 2016 / 249 str.

Rodomiro Ortiz Rios

Opis

� The field of plant breeding has grown rapidly in the last decade with breakthrough research in genetics and genomics, inbred development, population improvement, hybrids, clones, self-pollinated crops, polyploidy, transgenic breeding and more.

Spis treści

Contents

 

1. Introduction to Plant Breeding

 

Plant Breeding and Society

Genetics, Omics and Plant Breeding

Populations

Genetic Diversity

Distances Measures

Grouping Germplasm

Quantitative Variation

Mapping Traits

Genotype-by-Environment Interaction

Phenotyping

Phenomics

References

 

 

2. Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

 

Crop Evolution and Plant Species Feeding the World

Genebanks

Gene Pools

Describing Variation and Identifying Redundancy

Germplasm Evaluation

Descriptors

Documentation and Bioinformatics

Geo-documentation to Identify Germplasm

Genebank Sampling and Core Subsets

Genomics of Plant Genetic Resources

Putting Genes into Usable Forms

References

 

 

3. Inbred Development

 

DNA markers for Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) and Aided Breeding

Inbreeding and Line Development

Doubled Haploids

Adaptability: Learning for Model Plant Systems

Breeding for Stress-prone Environments and Resource-use Efficiency

Host-plant Resistance Breeding

Participatory and Client-driven Plant Breeding

References

 

 

4. Population Improvement

 

Recurrent Selection and Breeding Populations

Genome-wide Association and Quantitative Trait Variation

Plant Genomics

and Marker-assisted Selection

Genomic Selection and Prediction of Breeding Values

References

 

 

5. Heterosis and Inter-Specific Hybridization

 

Heterotic Groups

Hybrid Vigor

Heterosis in Plant Breeding

Understanding Hybrid Vigor in Model Plants and Crops

Omics Research on Heterosis

Hybrids in Selfing Species

Polyploid Heterosis

Interspecific hybridization

References

 

 

6. Mutations and Epigenetics

 

Induced Mutations and Plant Breeding

Induced Mutations and Genomics-led Plant Breeding

Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING)

Epigenetics

References

 

 

7. Genetic Engineering and Transgenic Breeding

 

Plant Genetic Engineering “Issues”

Transgenic Crops “Risks”

Transgene Flow

Pest Resistance and Impacts on Non-target Organisms

Detecting Genetically Modified Organisms and Other Safety Assessments

Transgenic Agriculture and Co-existence

Plant Genetic Engineering Impacts

Transgenic Agriculture Outlook

New Plant Breeding Techniques

References

 

 

8. DNA Sequencing, other Omics and Synthetic Biology

 

DNA Sequencing

Next Generation Sequencing

Genotyping-by-Sequencing

Other Relevant Omics for Plant Breeding

Breeding Informatics

Case Study: Omics-led Legume Breeding

Pl

ant Synthetic Biology: Another Tool for Plant Breeding?

References

 

 

9. Breeding Self-fertilizing Plants: From Inbred to Hybrid Cultivars

 

            Rice

Domestication

Genetic Enhancement

Genomics

Marker-aided Selection (MAS)

Stress Breeding

Interspecific Hybridization and Participatory Breeding

Hybrid Cultivars

Phenotyping

Genetic Engineering

 

            Wheat

Evolution and Diversity

Germplasm Enhancement

Resynthesizing Wheat

Shuttle Breeding and Mega-environments

Grain Yield Potential

Perennial Wheat

Biotechnology

Ex ante and in silico Breeding

Tomato

References

 

 

10. Breeding Open Pollinated, Hybrid and Transgenic Outcrossing Species

 

Maize

Domestication and Diversity

Germplasm Enhancement

Breeding

Inbred Line Development and Hybrids

Doubled Haploids

Genomics-led Improvement for Enhancing Genetic Gains

Developing Stress-resilient Germplasm

Nutritious Maize

Prediction of Breeding Values

Genetic Engineering

Cotton

Cassava

Case Study: Cassava Breeding in sub-Saharan Africa

References

 

 

11. Polyploidy and Plant Breeding

 

Potato

Origin, Diversity and Taxonomy

Ploidy Manipulations

Genetic Resources and Breeding

True Potato Seed

Genomics

Genetic Engineering

Banana/Plantain

References

 

 

12.  Seeds, Clones and Perennials

 

Seed Development: Learning from a Model Plant System

Inbred and Open Pollinated Seed Cultivars

Hybrid Seed

Rapid Multiplication of Healthy and Improved Planting Material of Vegetatively Propagated Crops

Seed Health

Apomixis: Procreation without Recreation

Perennial Crops

References

 

 

13.  Diversity, Intellectual Property and Plant Variety Protection

 

Plant Genetic Resources

The Question of Derivatives

Multinational Private and Public Seed Sectors

Managing Agro-biotechnology Intellectual Property Rights

References

O autorze

Rodomiro Ortiz is Professor of Genetics and Plant Breeding at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) in Alnarp, Sweden. He worked as geneticist at Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP, Lima, Perú), Rutgers University (Chatsworth, New Jersey, USA) and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria), held a Nordic professorship in plant genetic resources at the Danish Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University (merged now with the University of Copenhagen, Denmark), served as Director at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana, India), IITA, and the Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT, El Batán, México), and independent free-lance consultant for international, regional and national organizations engaged in agricultural research-for-development. CGIAR awarded IITA in 1994 the prestigious King Baudouin Award for the multidisciplinary research of the team working in plantain and banana improvement, in which Ortiz was both a hands-on researcher and program leader. His professional expertise includes genetics, genetic resources, germplasm enhancement, plant breeding, agro-biotechnology, biosafety, intellectual property rights, and developing agro-ecosystem and livelihood system approaches aiming sustainable intensification of agriculture in the developing world. His h-index was 44 accord

ing to Google Scholar at end 2014.

Blurb

This book provides analysis of plant breeding and its role for producing high-yielding cultivars that increase farming profitability and sustainability. This work analyzes the past and present of plant breeding, while providing research that investigates the future of crop improvement. Plant breeding today, as it was before, depends on crop biodiversity and its sustainable use, which can be further facilitated by advances in omics and bioinformatics. It starts with assessing plant genetic resources (wild species, landraces, obsolete cultivars, genetic stocks) variation aiming to enhance the cultigen pool. Research on genetics–aided by current omic tools– should lead to designing a knowledge-based plant breeding, which could bring further genetic gains in the breeding pools. Plant breeding, however, will increasingly require pursuing a holistic interdisciplinary approach based on integrated system-oriented thinking.