Planning for Community

ISBN-13: 9781394175710 / Miękka / 2023

Heywood

Spis treści

Preface viiAcknowledgements ix1 Promises and Problems of Community Life 1Introduction: the organization of the chapter 1Part One, Current Cascades of Change 1Part Two, Community Life and Change 6Contemporary challenges to community life 7Part Three, Competing Interpretations of Community Structure and Change 12The roles of communication and collaboration 17Applications of communication in community planning 19Part Four, The Roles of Collaboration 20Collaboration in practice 21Conclusions 25Endnotes 26References 282 The Lives of Local Communities 33Scope and scales of community 33Social, economic and organisational characteristics of local communities 33The strategies of social justice 40Planning places 43Community participation and governance 47Conclusion: the durability of local communities of place and contact 50Endnotes 50References 503 Communities of Interest and Interaction 54Introduction: scales of community organisation and issues 54Cities as communities 54Regional communities 57National communities 59Supranational political communities 62Global communities 63Integrating the many levels of community planning 65Conclusions: mixed scanning for integrated community planning 68Endnotes 69References 704 Human Values and Community Goals 72The place of values in planning 72Value formation 72The value of prosperity 73The value of liberty 75The values of social justice 77Values for sustainable communities and environments 81Relations among community values 87The impacts of prosperity 87The impacts of liberty 89Social justice impacts 90The demands for sustainability 90Conclusions: how values can combine to solve problems and shape creative plans 91Endnotes 92References 955 Ways and Means 98Introduction: the roles of art, science and craft in community planning 98Art and creativity in planning 98The creative roles of the written word 100Creating wholeness within new and existing communities 101The contributions of Christopher Alexander (1936-2022) 101Planning as a craft 103The four phases of planning 104The logic of scientific discovery 105Mistakes, problem- solving and human and social progress 107Critical rationalist approach to planning 107Common ground between scientific and planning method 108Planning as craft and applied science 109Political control and community participation 117Conclusions: values- based methods for value fulfilment 120Endnotes 120References 1216 Activities and Actions 124Introduction: the organisation of the Chapter 124The relations among values, activities and land uses 124The contributions of systems thinking in managing activities 132Activity systems analysis in practice 132Conclusions: defining needs and exploring options for activity systems 137Endnotes 137References 1387 Homes and Communities 140Introduction: the contributions of shelter to family and community life 140Challenges of population change in meeting global and local needs for shelter 140Impacts and contributions of changing technology 143Funding shelter 145Balancing demands with supply for shelter 153Conclusions: future directions for shelter 156Endnotes 156References 1598 Facets of Community 162Introduction and organisation of the Chapter 162Levels and justifications for community intervention 162The planning and organisation of work 164Education: the place of learning in community life and development 171The planning and delivery of health services 176Conclusion: the many facets of community 181Endnotes 181References 1839 Places, Spaces and Community Design 185Introduction: organisation of the chapter 185Places and their properties 185Communal, collective and private places and spaces 190The language of design and the vocabulary of space and place 196Place- making: designing to make life 200City shapes 204Conclusion: bringing places to life 211Endnotes 211References 21210 Community Governance and Participation Introduction: intentions and organisation of the chapter 214Governance, government and community participation 214Roles and responsibilities in governance and participation 215Issues of freedom and order 222The roles of negotiation and partnership in resolving conflicts 227The development and evaluation of policies, proposals and community initiatives 227Service activities of local government 230Scales of community and their roles in governance and control 235Conclusion: the contributions of participation and governance to community life 238Endnotes 240References 24311 Conclusions: Community Planning Today and Tomorrow 246Introduction: organisation and intentions of the chapter 246Themes, roles and future directions: inclusion, negotiation, adaptation and invention 246The future of community planning 250Endnotes 254References 255Index 257

O autorze

Phil Heywood is a Fellow and former President of the Queensland Division of the Planning Institute of Australia. He's worked in regional and local planning in Australia, Britain, West Africa, and Malaysia. He is currently an Adjunct Associate Professor of Urban and Regional Planning at Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia.