Physics of Collisional Plasmas: Introduction to High-Frequency Discharges

ISBN-13: 9789401784160 / Angielski / Miękka / 2014 / 504 str.

Michel Moisan; Jacques Pelletier

Opis

This text is an introduction to the physics of collisional plasmas, as opposed to plasmas in space. It is intended for graduate students in physics and engineering . The first chapter introduces with progressively increasing detail, the fundamental concepts of plasma physic. The motion of individual charged particles in various configurations of electric and magnetic fields is detailed in the second chapter while the third chapter considers the collective motion of the plasma particles described according to a hydrodynamic model. The fourth chapter is most original in that it introduces a general approach to energy balance, valid for all types of discharges comprising direct current(DC) and high frequency (HF) discharges, including an applied static magnetic field. The basic concepts required in this fourth chapter have been progressively introduced in the previous chapters. The text is enriched with approx. 100 figures, and alphabetical index and 45 fully resolved problems. Mathematical and physical appendices provide complementary information or allow to go deeper in a given subject.

Spis treści

Foreword.- Acknowledgments.- List of symbols.- List of constants.- 1 The Plasma State: Definition and Orders of Magnitude of Principle Quantities.- 1.1 Definition and essential nature of plasma.- 1.2 Areas of research and applications (examples).- 1.3 Different types of laboratory discharges.- 1.4 Electron density and temperature of a plasma.- 1.5 natural oscillation frequency of electrons in a plasma.- 1.6 Debye length: effect of screening in the plasma.- 1.7 Collisional phenomena in plasmas.- 1.8 Mechanisms for creation and loss of charged particles in a plasma and their conservation equation.- 2 Individual Motion of a Charged Particle in Electric and Magnetic Fields.- 2.1 The general equation of motion of a charged particle in E and B fields, and properties of that equation.- 2.2 Analysis of particular cases of E and B.- 3 Hydrodynamic Description of a Plasma.- 3.1 Fundamental aspects of the Boltzmann equation.- 3.2 Velocity distribution function and the notion of correlation between particles.- 3.3 Distribution functions and hydrodynamic quantities.- 3.4 Kinetic and hydrodynamic conductivity of electrons in a plasma in the presence of a HF electromagnetic field.- 3.5 Transport equations.- 3.6 Closure of the transport equations.- 3.7 The Lorentz electron plasma model.- 3.8 Diffusion and mobility of charged particles.- 3.9 Normal modes of diffusion and spatial density distribution of charged particles.- 3.10 The ambipolar diffusion regime.- 3.11 Ambipolar diffusion in a static magnetic field.- 3.12 Diffusion regime or free fall regime.- 3.13 Electron temperature of a long plasma column governed by ambipolar diffusion: scaling law T_e(pR).- 3.14 Formation and nature of sheaths at the plasma-wall.- 4 Introduction to the Physics of HF Discharges.- 4.1 Foreword.- 4.2 Power transfer from the electric field to the discharge.- 4.3 Influence of the frequency of the HF field on some plasma properties and on particular processes.- 4.4 High-pressure HF sustained plasmas.- Appendix I. Properties of the Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution.- Appendix II The complete Saha equation.- Appendix III Partial local thermodynamic equilibrium.- Appendix IV Representation of binary collisions in the center of mass and laboratory frames.- Appendix V Limiting the range of the Coulomb collisional interactions: the Coulomb logarithm.- Appendix VI Step-wise ionisation.- Appendix VII Basic notions of tensors.- Appendix VIII Operations on tensors.- Appendix IX Orientation of w in the reference triad with Cartesian axes.- Appendix X Force acting on a charged particle in the direction of a magnetic field weakly non-uniform axially: variant of (2.177).- Appendix XI The magnetic moment.- Appendix XII Drift velocity w of a charged particle subjected to an arbitrary force F in a field B: the magnetic drift.- Appendix XIII Magnetic-field drift velocity in the Frenet frame associated with the lines of force of a magnetic field with weak curvature.- Appendix XIV Spherical harmonics.- Appendix XV Expressions for the terms M and R in the kinetic pressure transport equation.- Appendix XVI Closure of the hydrodynamic transport equation for kinetic pressure in the case of adiabatic compression.- Appendix XVII Complimentary calculations for the T_e(pR) relation.- Appendix XVIII Propagation of an electromagnetic plane wave in a plasma and the skin depth.- Appendix XIX Surface-wave plasmas (SWP).- Appendix XX Useful integrals and expressions for the differential operators in various coordinate systems.- References.- Recommended reading.- Index.

O autorze

Michel Moisan, Professor in the Physics Department of the Université de Montréal (Québec) is a well-known specialist of HF generated discharges. He currently works on a plasma steriliser for medical devices. He is co-inventor in 31 different patents, including the surfatron and surfaguide surface-wave launchers to sustain HF discharges. 
Jacques Pelletier is Emeritus Research Director (CNRS) in the Laboratory of Subatomic Physics and Cosmology, Grenoble (France). He designed several generations of plasma-source technologies based on the concept of distributed elementary microwave-plasma sources. He currently works on the design of low-energy plasmas for lighting. He is co-inventor in over 40 patents.
Both authors contributed to create the International Laboratory on Plasma Applications and Technologies (LITAP) with research groups from France and Québec working on different aspects of low pressure microwave plasma technologies and their application to certain domains (biology, thin films, etching). 
They have taught at undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate levels. Through this book, their experience as teachers and researchers in cooperation with industry is made available to all readers interested in the fascinating domain of plasma.

Blurb

The Physics of Collisional Plasmas deals with the plasma physics of interest to laboratory research and industrial applications, such as lighting, fabrication of microelectronics, destruction of greenhouse gases. Its emphasis is on explaining the physical mechanisms, rather than the detailed mathematical description and theoretical analysis. At the introductory level, it is important to convey the characteristic physical phenomena of plasmas, before addressing the ultimate formalism of kinetic theory, with its microscopic, statistical mechanics approach. To this aim, this text translates the physical phenomena into more tractable equations, using the hydrodynamic model; this considers the plasma as a fluid, in which the macroscopic physical parameters are the statistical averages of the microscopic (individual) parameters.

This book is an introduction to the physics of collisional plasmas, as opposed to plasmas in space. It is intended for graduate students in physics and engineering . The first chapter introduces with progressively increasing detail, the fundamental concepts of plasma physic. The motion of individual charged particles in various configurations of electric and magnetic fields is detailed in the second chapter while the third chapter considers the collective motion of the plasma particles described according to a hydrodynamic model. The fourth chapter is most original in that it introduces a general approach to energy balance, valid for all types of discharges comprising direct current(DC) and high frequency (HF) discharges, including an applied static magnetic field. The basic concepts required in this fourth chapter have been progressively introduced in the previous chapters.

The text is enriched with approx. 100 figures, and alphabetical index and 45 fully resolved problems. Mathematical and physical appendices provide complementary information or allow to go deeper in a given subject.