Philosophic Foundations of Genetic Psychology and Gestalt Psychology: A Comparative Study of the Empirical Basis, Theoretical Structure, and Epistemol

ISBN-13: 9789401502870 / Angielski / Miękka / 1968 / 331 str.

Ash Gobar; Wolfe Mays

Opis

XVI Psychologists have, however, shown that what we are primarily aware of is not a succession of sense-data but figures-ground phenomena: Wittgenstein's ambiguous duck-rabbit is merely one such example. They have also drawn our attention to the existence of tertiary qualities in perception, such as 'symmetry' and 'elegance' which are just as directly given as are the perceived colours red, green or yellow. It is interesting to note that Merleau-Ponty has made considerable use of Gestalt ideas in his Phenomenology of Perception. One of the commonest reasons given by linguistic philosophers for not making direct use of the results of psychological research (although philosophers are usually willing to accept the first-hand results of physical science) is that philosophical accounts of perception and thinking are concerned with analysing the language in which these reports are made; that is to say, they are second-order enquiries. Often this approach is still more restricted and ordinary linguistic usage is taken as the yardstick against which questions relating to thought and perception are to be measured. The task of the philosopher is then con fined to the analysis of ordinary language. If he is more adventurous, as some writers on philosophical psychology are, he might go on to show how far the language used by psychological researchers falls short of the paradigms of common sense."

Spis treści

I. Structure of Genetic Psychology and Gestalt Psychology.- 1. History of European Genetic Psychology.- I. Phases of Genetic Psychology.- 1. The German Phase and Northern Phase.- 2. The French Phase.- 3. The Psychological Theory of Claparède.- II. Psychogenetic Method.- 2. Logic and Psychology.- I. Relationship Between Logic and Psychology.- II. Operational Logic.- 1. Basic Concepts.- 2. Elements.- 3. System.- 3. Phenomena of Perception. “Why Do Things Appear as They Do?”.- I. The Gestalt Theory of Perception.- General Conclusion.- A Note on the Set Theory.- II. The Genetic Theory of Perception.- 1. The Borderline Between Perception and Thinking.- 2. Partial Isomorphy between Perceptual Structures and Thought Structures.- 3. Is Perception Genetically Prior to Thinking?.- 4. Perception as Assimilation.- 5. Hypothesis of Centrations.- 6. Hypothesis of Strategies.- 4. Phenomena of Genetic Psychology (School of Geneva).- I. Conception of Nature.- Conclusion.- II. Conception of Space.- III. Conception of Time.- Conclusion.- Critical Remarks.- IV. Conception of Causality.- Critique.- V. Conception of Quality.- 1. Logical Conceptions.- Conclusion.- 2. Analytic and Synthetic Conceptions.- VI. Conception of Quantity.- Conclusion.- Critical Remarks.- VII. General Conclusion.- 5. Psychology of Thought Processes.- I. The Gestalt Theory of Thinking.- 1. The Concept or Gestalt.- 2. Principle of Prägnanz.- 3. Insight and Transposition Phenomena.- 4. Principle of Reorganization.- 5. Principle of direction.- 6. Einstellung and E-Effect.- 7. Productive and Reproductive Thinking.- 8. Hypothesis of Psychophysical Isomorphism.- 9. Pathological Thought and Gestalt Theory.- 10. Conclusion: Critique of Modern Behaviorism.- II. The Genetic Theory of Thinking.- 1. Operation and Interiorization.- 2. Hypothesis of Genetic Levels.- 3. Hypothesis of Strategies.- 4. Principle of Equilibrium.- 5. The Genetic Interpretation of Learning.- 6. Genetic Psychology and Psychoanalysis.- 7. Critique of the Genetic Theory of Thinking.- 6. Psychology of Thought Processes (continued).- I. Thought and Language.- II. Morphology of Thought Processes.- Types of Thought Processes.- (I) The imagist type.- (II) The conceptual type.- (III) The hypothetical type.- (IV) The speculative type.- The Levels of Thought Processes.- The Continuity of Thought Processes.- Conclusion.- II. Philosophic Foundations of Empirical Psychology.- 7. Analysis of Basic Concepts.- I. Configuration.- II. Abstraction.- 8. Methodological Framework of Psychology.- I. Critique of Genetic Psychology (School of Geneva).- II. Qualitative and Quantitative Methods.- III. Structure and Functions of Theories.- Concluding Note.- 9. Epistemological Framework of Psychology.- I. The Phenomena of Psychology.- II. Is Psychology Reducible to Physiology?.- Concluding Note.- 10. Prolegomenon to a Realistic Philosophy of Science.- I. Psychology as a Natural Science.- II. Psychology of Science: “Gestalt Epistemology” and “Genetic Epistemology”.- Gestalt Epistemology.- Genetic Epistemology.- Concluding Remarks.- III. Philosophy of Science as the Morphology of Science.- The Concept of Phenomenological Spectrum.- The Logical Structure of Science.- Realism and Positivism.- Conclusion.- General Bibliography.