Philanthropic Foundations, Public Good and Public Policy

ISBN-13: 9781137482884 / Angielski / Twarda / 2016 / 185 str.

D. Leat; Diana Leat

Opis

Thisbook discusses a series of related but independent challenges faced byphilanthropic foundations, drawing on international, contemporary andhistorical data.

Spis treści

Contents

1.  Focus on foundations

Introduction

  Philanthropy is good - more is better?

  Focus of the Book

  Why Focus on Foundations

    Global Growth

    Scale of Resources

    The Reach of Foundations

Philanthropic Foundations in the Dock

  Charges and Responses

 

2.  Definitions and distinctions

Varieties of Giving

What Is a Philanthropic Foundation?

  Initial Definitions

  Types of Foundation

    Distinguishing by Source/Type of Income

    Distinguishing by Style: Operating and Grantmaking

  Rationales for Grant Making and Operating

    Table 1: Grant-making vs. Operating

 

3. How foundations work - an overview

Birth to Work

  In the Beginning- Donors and Money

  A Mission/Deed

  Governance

  Staffing

  Grant Making Styles and Processes

 

4. From charity to change, Brussels to Beijing

The Variety of Foundations

  Introduction

  Approaches to Foundation Formation Throughout the World

Sketches of Foundations Across the Globe

  Introduction

  Africa

  China, Japan and Singapore

  India

  Australia and New Zealand

  North America

<  South America

  Europe

  Russia

  Saudi Arabia

Concluding Remarks

 

5. Public benefit or playthings of the rich

Introduction

  Charges and Responses

    The Charges

    The Responses

The Charges

  Why Create a Foundation?

     Motives for Giving

    What's Need Got to Do with It?

Where the Money Goes

The Responses

  The Right to Give as You Choose

  Legal Restrictions

  Tax Matters

  The Duty of Wealth

  We're All Different

  Variations in Giving

  The Power of Staff

  A Stop Gap Against Government and Market Failure

  Sources of Innovation and Change

  Discourtesy or Necessity?

  Coordination - Damned If You Do ...

  Unelected and Undemocratic

  Funding Terms

  A Product of Culture not Whims?

 

6. Sources of wealth and income

Introduction

  Charges and Responses

The Charges

How The Money Was Made

  Eroding the Tax Base

  'Doing good' - the Cherry on the Cake or Horse Manure

  Sources of Income - Taking with One Hand and Giving with the Other

The Responses

  This is Capitalism

  Investment Income: A Force for Good?

 

7. Warehouses of wealth: payout and perpetuity

Introduction

  The Charges and Responses

The Charges 1

  Warehouses of Wealth

  In Favour of Mandatory Payout Rates

The Responses

  Against Mandatory Pay Out Rates

    Robbing Peter to Pay Paul

    Market Volatility

    A Ceiling Not a Floor?

     Practical Problems

  Pay Out: The wrong Issue ?

The Charges 2

  Perpetuity - the Issue

  Against Perpetuity

The Response 2

  Perpetuity Is Not For All

  In Favour of Perpetuity

 

8. Cash machines or more?

Foundations: Money, Value Added and Overhead

  Introduction

  Charges and Responses

Charge

  Expensive Cash Machines?

Responses

  Introduction

  Accounting for Higher Costs

    Practical Problems<

    Another Explanation for Differences

  The Costs of Creating public Benefit

  Funder Plus

     Beyond Moving Money to Effectiveness Multipliers

 

9. Missing measurement, misunderstanding measurement?

Foundations and Effectiveness

  The Growing Pressure to Measure

  The Charges and Responses

The Charge

  No Change?

  Maintaining the Status Quo?

  Ineffective Practices?

The Responses

  An Inappropriate Demand

  No Responsibility to Produce Maximum Benefit?

  Effectiveness and Values

  The Effective Ineffective Foundation

  Measuring Impact - A Fools Errand?

  Measurement - Too Little, Too Late?

  Misunderstanding the Contributions of Foundations?

 

10. Foundations and democracy: threat or promise?

Introduction

  The Charges and Responses

The Charges

  A Brief US History

  Unpicking the Charges

    Sucking Wealth Out of the Tax Base

    Unregulated and Unaccountable Concentrations of Wealth and Power

    Influencing Policy

    Narrowing Alternatives

    'Bribing' State Governments

    'Cooling Out'

    Creeping Privatisation

    A Substitute for Justice?

The Responses

  Introduction

  Denying the Charges

    Misplaced Fear

    It Depends

  Positive Responses

    Protection Against Big Government

    Pluralism

    Maximum Public Benefit and Minimum Loss of Economic and Political

     Freedom

    Cost Effectiveness

    Redistribution

    Creativity

    Promoting Democracy

Looking in the Wrong Place?

 

11. Dark corridors or glass pockets?

Introduction

  The Charges and Responses

The Charges

  Unaccountable and Unregulated?

The Responses

  Tax Subsidies and Accountability

  Adequate Regulation

     Table 2: Foundation Accountability in Four European Countries

  Self Regulation

  Confused Demands: It All Depends

  The Downsides of Glass Pockets

  Not More or Less But the Right Sort

 

12. The future is monstrous?

Introduction

Issues Ahead?

  Tax Advantages

  Greater Regulation

  The Rise and Rise of ‘Effective Altriusm’

  Relations with Government and Business

  Power and Decision-Making

  Talking about Happiness

  Grant-Making and Money

  Foundations and Dinosaurs?

  Legitimacy Matters

  Keepers of the Public Faith

O autorze

Diana Leat is Visiting Professor at Cass Business School, London, UK, and at the Australian Centre for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Studies, QUT Brisbane, Australia.  She is author of over 120 articles and books on the non-profit sector and social policy, and has held research posts in universities and think tanks in the UK, the US and Australia. Diana spent a year with the Carnegie Trust developing the first research centre for philanthropy in the UK, and until its closure in 2013 was a trustee of the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund.

Blurb

This book discusses a series of related but independent challenges faced by philanthropic foundations, drawing on international, contemporary and historical data.  Throughout the world, private philanthropic foundations spend huge sums of money for public good while the media, policy-makers and the public have little understanding of what they do and why. Diana Leat considers the following questions: Are philanthropic foundations more than warehouses of wealth? Where does foundation money come from, and is there a tension between a foundation’s ongoing sources of income and its pursuit of public good? How are foundations regulated and held accountable in society? Is there any evidence that foundations are effective in what they do? Is it possible to have too much philanthropy? In posing these questions, the book explores some of the key tensions in how foundations work, and their place in democratic societies.