Pesticides in the Atmosphere: Distribution, Trends, and Governing Factors

ISBN-13: 9781575040042 / Angielski / Twarda / 1996 / 228 str.

Michael S. Majewski; Paul D. Capel; Robert J. Gilliom

Opis

Most people know about the presence and health effects of pesticide residues in the water they drink. However, they may not realize the impact of atmospheric transportation and deposition of pesticides on water quality. Scientific studies of pesticides in various atmospheric matrices (air, rain, snow, aerosols, and fog) provide some of the answers.
Pesticides in the Atmosphere focuses on the review and interpretation of direct measurements of pesticides in the environment. An exhaustive compilation, the book examines hundreds of studies in detailed tabular listings, with accompanying maps that include such features as spatial and temporal domain studies, target analytes, detection limits, and compounds detected.
Working with the foundation of forty years of scientific studies, the editors synthesize this research to characterize the common threads and main conclusions. They use this information to identify where we need to improve our understanding of pesticides in the atmosphere and their significance to water quality.
Pesticides in the Atmosphere serves as a resource, text, and reference to a wide spectrum of scientists, water managers, and students. It includes extensive compilations of references, interpretive analyses and conclusions. For those not familiar with the atmospheric transportation and deposition of pesticides it provides a comprehensive introduction.
Features

Recenzje

"...a very complete compilation of the available studies on a broad array of pesticides..."
- Dr. James Pankow, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology

Spis treści

Introduction to the Series, Preface, Editor’s Note, List of Figures, List of Tables, Conversion Factors, Abbreviations and Acronyms, Abstract, Chapter 1 Introduction, 1.1 Purpose, 1.2 Previous Reviews, 1.3 Approach, Chapter 2 Characteristics of Studies Reviewed, 2.1 General Design Features, 2.2 Geographic Distribution, 2.3 Matrices, 2.4 Target Analytes, 2.5 Analytical Detection Limits, Chapter 3 National Distributions and Trends, 3.1 Pesticides Detected, 3.2 Summary of National Use, 3.3 Geographic Distribution in Relation to Use, Organochlorine Insecticides, Organophosphorus Insecticides, Other Insecticides, Triazine and Acetanilide Herbicides, Other Herbicides, Long-Term Trends, Summary, Chapter 4 Governing Processes, 4.1 Sources, Application Processes, Application Methods, Formulations, Spray-Cloud Processes, Post-Application Processes, Wind Erosion, Tillage Practices, 4.2 Transport Processes, Local Transport, Regional and Long-Range Transport, 4.3 Removal Processes, Dry Deposition, Wet Deposition, Chemical Reactions, Chapter 5 Analysis of Key Topics: Sources and Transport, 5.1 Seasonal and Local Use Patterns, 5.2 Effects of Agricultural Management Practices, 5.3 Urban Areas, 5.4 Relative Importance of Local, Regional, and Long-Range Transport, 5.5 Effects of Climate, Chapter 6 Analysis of Key Topics: Phases, Properties, and Transformations, 6.1 Influence of Chemical and Physical Properties, 6.2 Phase Distribution and Transformation Reactions, 6.3 Relative Importance of Wet and Dry Deposition, 6.4 Sampling Method Effects on Apparent Phase Distributions, Chapter 7 Analysis of Key Topics: Environmental Significance, 7.1 Contribution to Surface-and Ground-Water, 7.2 Human Health and Aquatic Life, Chapter 8 Summary and Conclusions, References, Glossary of Common and Chemical Names of Pesticides, Index

O autorze

Michael S. Majewski, U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, California Paul D. Capel, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Paul, Minnesota