Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2008

ISBN-13: 9783642045035 / Angielski / Twarda / 2010 / 848 str.

Christian Rogsch; Andreas Schadschneider; Wolfram W. F. Klingsch

Opis

The international conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, held on February 27-29, 2008 at Wuppertal University in Germany, was the fourth in this series after successful meetings in Duisburg (2001), Greenwich (2003) and Vienna (2005). The conference was aimed at improving the scientific exchange between scientists, experts and practitioners of various fields of pedestrian and evacuation dynamics and featured: the analysis of evacuation processes and pedestrian motion, modeling of pedestrian dynamics in various situations, experiments on pedestrian dynamics, human behavior research, regulatory action. All these topics are included in this book to give a broad and state-of-the-art overview of pedestrian and evacuation dynamics.

Spis treści

Experiment and Evacuation.- The UK WTC9/11 Evacuation Study: An Overview of the Methodologies Employed and Some Preliminary Analysis.- Evacuation Movement in Photoluminescent Stairwells.- Automatic Extraction of Pedestrian Trajectories from Video Recordings.- Stairwell Evacuation from Buildings: What We Know We Don’t Know.- Evacuation of a High Floor Metro Train in a Tunnel Situation: Experimental Findings.- Using Laser Scanner Data to Calibrate Certain Aspects of Microscopic Pedestrian Motion Models.- Pedestrian Vision and Collision Avoidance Behavior: Investigation of the Information Process Space of Pedestrians Using an Eye Tracker.- FDS+Evac: An Agent Based Fire Evacuation Model.- Comparisons of Evacuation Efficiency and Pre-travel Activity Times in Response to a Sounder and Two Different Voice Alarm Messages.- Design of Voice Alarms—the Benefit of Mentioning Fire and the Use of a Synthetic Voice.- Enhanced Empirical Data for the Fundamental Diagram and the Flow Through Bottlenecks.- Parameters of Pedestrian Flow for Modeling Purposes.- Emergency Preparedness in the Case of a Tsunami—Evacuation Analysis and Traffic Optimization for the Indonesian City of Padang.- Case Studies on Evacuation Behaviour in a Hotel Building in BART and in Real Life.- Analysis of Empirical Trajectory Data of Pedestrians.- Model-Based Real-Time Estimation of Building Occupancy During Emergency Egress.- Experiments on Evacuation Dynamics for Different Classes of Situations.- Prediction and Mitigation of Crush Conditions in Emergency Evacuations.- Start Waves and Pedestrian Movement— An Experimental Study.- Clearance Time for Pedestrian Crossing.- Ship Evacuation—Guidelines, Simulation, Validation, and Acceptance Criteria.- Empirical Study of Pedestrians’ Characteristics at Bottlenecks.- RFID Technology Applied for Validation of an Office Simulation Model.- Study on Crowd Flow Outside a Hall via Considering Velocity Distribution of Pedestrians.- Analysis on the Propagation Speed of Pedestrian Reaction: Velocity of Starting Wave and Stopping Wave.- Simulation and Modelling.- Toward Smooth Movement of Crowds.- Modeling Evacuees’ Exit Selection with Best Response Dynamics.- Front-to-Back Communication in a Microscopic Crowd Model.- Comparison of Various Methods for the Calculation of the Distance Potential Field.- Agent-Based Simulation of Evacuation: An Office Building Case Study.- A Genetic Algorithm Module for Spatial Optimization in Pedestrian Simulation.- Opinion Formation and Propagation Induced by Pedestrian Flow.- Passenger Dynamics at Airport Terminal Environment.- Application Modes of Egress Simulation.- Investigating the Impact of Aircraft Exit Availability on Egress Time Using Computer Simulation.- Bounded Rationality Choice Model Incorporating Attribute Threshold, Mental Effort, and Risk Attitude: Illustration to Pedestrian Walking Direction Choice Decision in Shopping Streets.- A SCA-Based Model for Open Crowd Aggregation.- Hardware Implementation of a Crowd Evacuation Model Based on Cellular Automata.- Applying a Discrete Event System Approach to Problems of Collective Motion in Emergency Situations.- SIMULEM: Introducing Goal Oriented Behaviours in Crowd Simulation.- Conflicts at an Exit in Pedestrian Dynamics.- Improving Pedestrian Dynamics Modeling Using Fuzzy Logic.- Modeling the Link Volume Counts as a Function of Temporally Dependent OD-Flows.- Effect of Subconscious Behavior on Pedestrian Counterflow in a Lattice Gas Model Under Open Boundary Conditions.- Hand-Calculation Methods for Evacuation Calculation—Last Chance for an Old-Fashioned Approach or a Real Alternative to Microscopic Simulation Tools?.- Adding Higher Intelligent Functions to Pedestrian Agent Model.- “FlowTech” and “EvaTech”: Two Computer-Simulation Methods for Evacuation Calculation.- Large Scale Microscopic Evacuation Simulation.- Numerical Optimisation Techniques Applied to Evacuation Analysis.- A Multi-Method Approach to the Interpretation of Pedestrian Spatio-Temporal Behaviour.- The Microscopic Model and the Panicking Ball-Bearing.- Design of Decision Rules for Crowd Controlling Using Macroscopic Pedestrian Flow Simulation.- 3-Tier Architecture for Pedestrian Agent in Crowd Simulation.- Optimising Vessel Layout Using Human Factors Simulation.- Agent-Based Animated Simulation of Mass Egress Following an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Attack.- A Novel Kinetic Model to Simulate Evacuation Dynamics.- Egress Route Choice Modelling—Concepts and Applications.- Architectural Cue Model in Evacuation Simulation for Underground Space.- Integrating Strategies in Numerical Modelling of Crowd Motion.- Small-Grid Analysis of Evacuation Processes with a Lattice Gas Model for Mixed Pedestrian Dynamics.- Evacuation Simulation and Human Behaviour Models in Tall Buildings.- Proof of Evacuation Routes and Safety Exits: Time Data as the Main Criteria for the Evaluation of Escape Routes and Safety Exits?.- Dependence of Modelled Evacuation Times on Key Parameters and Interactions.- A Modification of the Social Force Model by Foresight.- Models for Crowd Movement and Egress Simulation.- Modelling Pedestrian Escalator Behaviour.- Introducing a Coupled Model for Simulating Crowd Behaviour.- Evacuation Modelling of Fire Scenarios in Passenger Trains.- Pedestrian Dynamics with Event-Driven Simulation.- Psychology.- The Need for Behavioral Theory in Evacuation Modeling.- NO_PANIC. “Escape and Panic in Buildings”—Architectural Basic Research in the Context of Security and Safety Research.- Was It Panic? An Overview About Mass-Emergencies and Their Origins All Over the World for Recent Years.- Hierarchical Structure of the Mass and Group-Level Behaviors in Urban Rail Transfer Stations.- The Use of a Structure and Its Influence on Evacuation Behavior.- Miscellaneous.- Inhalation Injury of Lung and Heart After Inhalation of Toxic Substances.- Quantitative Comparison of International Design Standards of Escape Routes in Assembly Buildings.- Visualizing the Human Form for Simulation and Planning.- A Real-Time Pedestrian Animation System.- Modeling of Escape Routes According to Occupancy, Economy, and Level of Safety in Slovak Republic.