Pathophysiologic Basis of Acid-Base Disorders

ISBN-13: 9789811605253 / Angielski / Twarda / 2021 / 150 str.

Farrokh Habibzadeh; Mahboobeh Yadollahie; Parham Habibzadeh

Recenzje

“The book was designed with the student in mind. Teachers may benefit from the rapidity with which it can be used and the clarity of the presentation. … Chapters are concise and clearly written, and the relevant mathematics is effectively presented. … This is an effective quick read for a common management concern.” (David J. Dries, Doody's Book Reviews, July 30, 2021)

Spis treści

• Chapter 0: Basics 

Calculation with powers

Multiplication and division of numbers having the same base, B

Powers raised to powers

Logarithm

Definition

Chemical equilibrium

Equilibrium constant

Things to remember

Chapter 1: ABCs of acid-base chemistry

Ionizing of water

pH, pOH, pK, pKw

Acids and bases

Buffers

Buffering action

Titration and titration curve

Amino acids as buffers

Things to remember

Chapter 2: Gas laws

Pressure and partial pressure of a gas

Dalton’s law of partial pressure

Composition of alveolar air

Gas-liquid equilibrium

Henry’s law

Things to remember

Chapter 3: What happens in a person

Pulmonary ventilation, perfusion, and blood-gas exchange

Regional distribution of ventilation

Perfusion

Regional variation in the matching of ventilation and perfusion

Blood-gas interface and gas exchange

Respiratory quotient

Alveolar air composition

Carriage of O2 by the blood

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

Factors affecting the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

Carriage of carbon dioxide

Control of respiration

Buffers

Bone as a buffer

Renal regulation of extracellular hydrogen ion concentration

Bicarbonate reabsorption

Addition of new bicarbonate to the plasma and renal excretion of acid

Things to remember

Chapter 4: Introduction to acid-base chemistry and arterial blood gases

Terminology

Bedside approach to a patient with a suspected acid-base disorder

Indications for arterial blood gas analysis

Obtaining the sample

Allen’s test

Complications of arterial puncture and cannulation

Analysis of the sample

Venous blood gas analysis

Anion gap

Base excess (BE)

Normal values

Bicarbonate space

Systemic effects of acidemia

Systemic effects of alkalemia

Things to remember

Chapter 5:Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis

Definition

Causes of respiratory acidosis and alkalosis

Mechanisms in respiratory acidosis

Acute phase of respiratory acidosis

Chronic phase of respiratory acidosis

Clinical manifestations of respiratory acidosis

Diagnosis of respiratory acidosis

Treatment of respiratory acidosis

Mechanisms in respiratory alkalosis

Acute phase of respiratory alkalosis

Chronic phase of respiratory alkalosis

Clinical manifestations of respiratory alkalosis

Diagnosis of respiratory alkalosis

Treatment of respiratory alkalosis

Things to remember

Chapter 6: Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis

Definition

Pathogenesis and compensatory mechanisms

Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Causes of metabolic acidosis

Over-production of fixed acids

Loss of buffer stores (bicarbonate wasting)

Decreased normal acid excretion

Causes of metabolic alkalosis

Systemic manifestations of metabolic acidosis

Systemic manifestations of metabolic alkalosis

Diagnosis of metabolic acidosis

Treatment of metabolic acidosis

Complications of sodium bicarbonate therapy

Diagnosis of metabolic alkalosis

Treatment of metabolic alkalosis

Saline (chloride) responsive alkalosis

Saline (chloride) unresponsive alkalosis

Things to remember

Chapter 7: Mixed disorders

Introduction and diagnostic procedures

Clinical approach to mixed acid-base disorders

Mixed acid-base disorders

Mixed metabolic and respiratory acidosis

Treatment

Mixed metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis

Treatment

Mixed metabolic acidosis

Mixed hyperchloremic (normal AG) and high AG metabolic acidosis

Mixed high AG metabolic acidosis

Mixed hyperchloremic (normal AG) metabolic acidosis

Mixed metabolic acidosis and alkalosis

Mixed metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis

Mixed metabolic and respiratory alkalosis

Mixed acute and chronic respiratory acidosis or alkalosis

Triple acid-base disorders

Things to remember

Chapter 8: Arterial blood gas

Hypoxia and its causes

Ventilation-perfusion mismatch

Blood shunt

Hypoventilation

Thickening of blood-gas interface

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

Things to remember

O autorze

Farrokh Habibzadeh is a general practitioner and author of more than 150 peer-reviewed articles and 6 book chapters. He has been involved in biomedical research, scientific writing, and editorship craft since 30 years ago. He was the Editor of The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine for 11 years. 

Mahboobeh Yadollahie is a general practitioner and author of more than 50 peer-reviewed articles and 3 book chapters. She has been involved in biomedical research and scientific writing since 15 years ago. She was the Deputy Editor of The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine for 11 years. 

Parham Habibzadeh graduated from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences with first class honors. He is the author of more than 40 peer-reviewed articles and has received many national and international awards including an Honorary Diploma from the Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences. Currently, he is the Director of the R&D Department, Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center.

Blurb

The book is a concise and informative text about acid-base disorders. The book begins with very simple mathematics, chemistry, and physiological concepts and smoothly connects these to various aspects of acid-base disturbances and blood gas disorders through many simple-to-understand case-based examples. It covers various important topics such as respiratory acidosis and alkalosis, metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, mixed disorders, arterial blood gas, etc. All chapters end with a simple take-home summary facilitating better understanding and recall value. This book showcases practical text important at all levels of medical education, right from a basic science student to an attending physician/surgeon. Students, interns, residents, fellows, and attending physicians working in a broad range of clinical settings, particularly anesthesiology, surgery, and critical care can find this book helpful.