Passive Components for Dense Optical Integration

ISBN-13: 9780792376033 / Angielski / Twarda / 2001 / 170 str.

Christina Manolatou; Hermann A. Haus

Opis

Passive Components for Dense Optical Integration presents a theoretical and numerical investigation of high index-contrast (HIC) passive components that can serve as building blocks at the end-points and nodes of WDM communications systems. The main characteristic of these structures is their miniature size and their low radiation loss due to the strong light confinement in high index-contrast systems. Thus large scale, high density optical integration may be possible with the associated advantages of increased functionality, compactness and cost.
Passive Components for Dense Optical Integration presents novel devices for filtering, optical interconnections and coupling to fibers. The latter part of the book explores coupling structures that are only a few wavelengths long yet can provide efficient coupling. Also discussed are possible future directions for this technology.
Passive Components for Dense Optical Integration will be of interest to researchers and development engineers in integrated optics and fiber optics. It also provides an excellent supplement to a graduate course in optics.

Spis treści

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Motivation.- 1.2 Outline of the book.- 1.2.1 Theoretical background.- 1.2.2 The FDTD method.- 1.2.3 Resonant channel add/drop filters.- 1.2.4 Low-loss waveguide components.- 1.2.5 Fiber-PIC coupling.- 2 Theoretical Background.- 2.1 Modes in optical waveguides.- 2.1.1 Normal modes.- 2.7.2 General form of guided fields.- 2.1.3 Orthogonality relations.- 2.1.4 Completeness of normal modes.- 2.2 Excitation of modes by localized currents.- 2.3 Scattering matrix.- 2.4 Effective Index Method (EIM).- 2.5 Resonators.- 2.5.1 Coupled resonators.- 2.5.2 Resonator-waveguide coupling.- 2.6 Gaussian Beams.- 2.6.1 Propagation of Gaussian beams.- 2.6.2 ABCD matrices.- 2.6.3 Approximation of effective index and mode profile using Gaussians.- 3 The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Method.- 3.1 The Yee algorithm.- 3.2 Finite Differencing.- 3.2.1 Three-dimensional algorithm.- 3.2.2 Two-dimensional algorithm.- 3.3 Boundary Conditions.- 3.4 Source Implementation.- 3.5 The use of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) in FDTD.- 3.6 Resonator calculations using FDTD.- 4 Resonant Add/Drop Filters.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Four-port system with single mode resonator.- 4.3 Symmetric standing-wave channel add/drop filters.- 4.3.1 General form of a symmetric channel add/drop filter.- 4.3.2 Symmetric add/drop filter with two identical standing-wave cavities66.- 4.4 FDTD simulations.- 4.4.1 Polygon resonators.- 4.4.2 Single square resonator coupled with two waveguides.- 4.4.3 Channel add/drop filter using a pair of square resonators.- 4.5 High-order symmetric add/drop filters.- 4.6 Phase response and dispersion.- 5 High Density Integrated Optics.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Sharp 90o bends.- 5.3 3D simulations and measurements on HTC bends.- 5.4 T-splitters.- 5.5 Waveguide crossings.- 6 Fiber-PIC coupling.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Lateral mode conversion using cascade of square resonators.- 6.3 Mode conversion using dielectric planar lenses.- 6.4 3D mode-conversion scheme.- 7 Conclusions and Future Directions.- 7.1 Summary.- 7.2 Fiber-chip coupling.- 7.3 Polarization dependence.- 7.4 Numerical tools.- References.