Parenteral Nutrition

ISBN-13: 9783540075189 / Angielski / Miękka / 1975 / 204 str.

F. W. Ahnefeld; C. Burri; W. Dick

Opis

Nearly all medical specialities treat patients whose illnesses necessitate a means of nutrition which bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. Parenteral nutrition consequent- ly means the administration of nutrient and building materials in qualitatively utilizable form and in quantitatively adequate amount by the intravenous route. This guarantees the requirements for energy and building materials under a variety of conditions, and compensates for any losses that might occur. The basis for any parenteral nutrition is the knowledge of the biochemical processes of intermediary metabolism under physiological and pathophysiological conditions (e. g., starvation, post-stress metabolism, hypoxia, microcirculatory disturbances, etc. ). Only taken in these contexts can nutrient and bodybuilding sub- stances be combined, measured out, and administered in such a way as to be definitively useful to the body. Research into the biochemistry and the patho- biochemistry of intermediary metabolism has demonstrated possibilities, by means of which we may be able to "outwit" (to some extent) disturbances in utilization of certain nutrients under defined pathologic conditions. If the body receives and transforms substrate-precursors (e. g., sorbitol), it can maintain an adequate level of nutrient and life-support substances; this slow rate of transformation to the substrate makes allowance for the limited utilization capacity, and covers the needs of the body by roundabout means. Some of the problems can now be considered solved, but a great many are still in the very early stages of elucidation, or await basic research.

Spis treści

Metabolism of the Nutrient Substances Used for Parenteral Nutrition.- Physiology of Metabolism during Starvation.- Pathobiochemistry of Post-Stress Metabolism.- Disturbances of the Microcirculation as a Cause of Hypoxia. (Brief Report on the Workshop “Microcirculation”).- Summary of Discussion on the Theme: “Biochemical, Physiological, and Pathobiochemical Basis for Parenteral Nutrition”.- Requirement and Utilization of Amino-Acids.- Requirement and Utilization of Carbohydrates and Alcohol.- Requirement and Utilization of Fats.- Water and Electrolyte Requirements during Parenteral Nutrition.- Criteria for the Estimation of Requirement for Nutrients.- Summary of the Discussion on the Theme “Basic Concepts and Requirements during Intravenous Alimentation”.- Advantages and Disadvantages of Parenteral Hyperalimentation.- Guidelines for the Dosage and Application of the Intravenous Provision of Nutrient Substances in the Pre-Operative Period.- Guidelines for the Dosage and Application of the Intravenous Provision of Nutrient Substances in the Intra-and Post-Operative Periods.- Guidelines for the Dosage and Application of the Intravenous Provision of Nutrient Substances in Prolonged Nutrition of Non-Traumatized Patients.- Guidelines for the Dosage and Application of the Intravenous Provision of Nutrient Substances in Traumatized Patients.- Guidelines for the Dosage and Application of the Intravenous Provision of Nutrient Substances in Patients with Renal Failure.- Guidelines for the Dosage and Application of the Intravenous Provision of Nutrient Substances in Obstetrics and Gynecology.- Evaluation of Carbohydrates for Infusion-Therapy in Obstetrics.- Parameters to Measure the Effects of Intravenous Alimentation.- Errors and Hazards in the Techniques of Performance of Parenteral Nutrition.- Summary of the Discussion on the Theme “Recommendations for Parenteral Nutrition in Clinical Practice”.