Parallel Solution of Integral Equation-Based EM Problems in the Frequency Domain

ISBN-13: 9780470405451 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 368 str.

Yu Zhang; Tapan K. Sarkar

Opis

A step-by-step guide to parallelizing cem codes The future of computational electromagnetics is changing drastically as the new generation of computer chips evolves from single-core to multi-core. The burden now falls on software programmers to revamp existing codes and add new functionality to enable computational codes to run efficiently on this new generation of multi-core CPUs. In this book, you'll learn everything you need to know to deal with multi-core advances in chip design by employing highly efficient parallel electromagnetic code. Focusing only on the Method of Moments (MoM), the book covers:

• In-Core and Out-of-Core LU Factorization for Solving a Matrix Equation
• A Parallel MoM Code Using RWG Basis Functions and ScaLAPACK-Based In-Core and Out-of-Core Solvers
• A Parallel MoM Code Using Higher-Order Basis Functions and ScaLAPACK-Based In-Core and Out-of-Core Solvers
• Turning the Performance of a Parallel Integral Equation Solver
• Refinement of the Solution Using the Conjugate Gradient Method
• A Parallel MoM Code Using Higher-Order Basis Functions and Plapack-Based In-Core and Out-of-Core Solvers
• Applications of the Parallel Frequency Domain Integral Equation Solver

Appendices are provided with detailed information on the various computer platforms used for computation; a demo shows you how to compile ScaLAPACK and PLAPACK on the Windows(R) operating system; and a demo parallel source code is available to solve the 2D electromagnetic scattering problems. Parallel Solution of Integral Equation-Based EM Problems in the Frequency Domain is indispensable reading for computational code designers, computational electromagnetics researchers, graduate students, and anyone working with CEM software.

Spis treści

Preface.

Acknowledgments.

Acronyms.

Chapter 1 Introduction.

1.0 Summary.

1.1 A Brief Review of Parallel CEM.

1.2 Computer Platforms Accessed in This Book.

1.3 Parallel Libraries Employed for the Computations.

1.4 Conclusion.

References.

Chapter 2 In–Core and Out–of–Core LU Factorization for Solving a Matrix Equation.

2.0 Summary.

2.1 Matrix Equation from a MoM Code.

2.2 An In–Core Matrix Equation Solver.

2.3 Parallel Implementation of an In–Core Solver.

2.4 Data Decomposition for an Out–of–Core Solver.

2.5 Out–of–Core LU Factorization.

2.6 Parallel Implementation of an Out–of–Core LU Algorithm.

2.7 Solving a Matrix Equation Using the Out–of–Core LU Matrices.

2.8 Conclusion.

References.

Chapter 3 A Parallel MoM Code Using RWG Basis Functions and ScaLAPACK–Based In–Core and Out–of–Core Solvers.

3.0 Summary.

3.1 Electric Field Integral Equation (EFIE).

3.2 Use of the Piecewise Triangular Patch (RWG) Basis Functions.

3.3 Testing Procedure.

3.4 Matrix Equation for MoM.

3.5 Calculation of the Various Integrals.

3.6 Calculation of the Fields.

3.7 Parallel Matrix Filling – In–Core Algorithm.

3.8 Parallel Matrix Filling – Out–of–Core Algorithm.

3.9 Numerical Results from a Parallel In–Core MoM Solver.

3.10 Numerical Results from a Parallel Out–of–Core MoM Solver.

3.11 Conclusion.

References.

Chapter 4 A Parallel MoM Code Using Higher–Order Basis Functions and ScaLAPACK–Based In–Core and Out–of–Core Solvers.

4.0 Summary.

4.1 Formulation of the Integral Equation for Analysis of Dielectric Structures.

4.2 A General Formulation for the Analysis of Composite Metallic and Dielectric Structures.

4.3 Geometric Modeling of the Structures.

4.4 Higher–Order Basis Functions.

4.5 Testing Procedure.

4.6 Parallel In–Core and Out–of–Core Matrix Filling Schemes.

4.7 Numerical Results Computed on Different Platforms.

4.8 Conclusion.

References.

Chapter 5 Tuning the Performance of a Parallel Integral Equation Solver.

5.0 Summary.

5.1 Anatomy of a Parallel Out–of–Core Integral Equation Solver.

5.2 Block Size.

5.3 Shape of the Process Grid.

5.4 Size of the In–Core Buffer Allocated to Each Process.

5.5 Relationship between the Shape of the Process Grid and the In–Core Buffer Size.

5.6 Overall Performance of a Parallel Out–of–Core Solver on HPC Clusters.

5.7 Conclusion.

References.

Chapter 6 Refinement of the Solution Using the Iterative Conjugate Gradient Method.

6.0 Summary.

6.1 Development of the Conjugate Gradient Method.

6.2 The Iterative Solution of a Matrix Equation.

6.3 Parallel Implementation of the CG Algorithm.

6.4 A Parallel Combined LU–CG Scheme to Refine the LU Solution.

6.5 Conclusion.

References.

Chapter 7 A Parallel MoM Code Using Higher Order Basis Functions and PLAPACK Based In–Core and Out–of–Core Solvers.

7.0 Summary.

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Factors that Affect a Parallel In–Core and Out–of–Core Matrix Filling Algorithm.

7.3 Numerical Results.

7.4 Conclusion.

References.

Chapter 8 Applications of the Parallel Frequency–Domain Integral Equation Solver—TIDES.

8.0 Summary.

8.1 Performance Comparison between TIDES and a Commercial EM Analysis Software.

8.2 EMC Prediction for Multiple Antennas Mounted on an Electrically Large Platform.

8.3 Analysis of Complex Composite Antenna Array.

8.4 Array Calibration for Direction–of–Arrival Estimation.

8.5 Radar Cross Section (RCS) Calculation of Complex Targets.

8.6 Analysis of Radiation Patterns of Antennas Operating Inside a Radome Along with the Platform on Which It Is Mounted.

8.7 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Analysis of a Communication System.

8.8 Comparison between Computations Using TIDES and Measurement data for Complex Composite Structures.

8.9 Conclusion.

References.

Appendix A: A Summary of the Computer Platforms Used in This Book.

A.0 Summary.

A.1 Description of the Platforms Used in This Book.

A.2 Conclusion.

References.

Appendix B: An Efficient Cross–Platform Compilation of the ScaLAPACK and PLAPACK Routines.

B.0 Summary.

B.1 Tools for Compiling both ScaLAPACK and PLAPACK.

B.2 Generating the ScaLAPACK Library.

B.3 Generating the PLAPACK Library.

B.4 Tuning the Performance by Turning on Proper Flags.

B.5 Conclusion.

References.

Appendix C: An Example of a Parallel MoM Source Code for Analysis of 2D EM Scattering.

C.0 Summary.

C.1 Introduction of MoM.

C.2 Solution of a Two Dimensional Scattering Problem.

C.3 Implementation of a Serial MoM Code.

C.4 Implementation of a Parallel MoM Code.

C.5 Compilation and Execution of the Parallel Code.

C.6 Conclusion.

References.

Index.

O autorze

Yu Zhang is an Associate Professor at Xidian University and currently works at Syracuse University. He authored the book Parallel Computation in Electromagnetics as well as over seventy journal papers and thirty conference papers. His research is focused on computational electromagnetics with an interest in antenna design, EMC simulation, and signal processing.

Tapan K. Sarkar is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Syracuse University. His current research interests deal with numerical solutions of operator equations arising in electromagnetics and signal processing with applications in system design. He has authored or coauthored more than 300 journal articles, numerous conference papers, and thirty–two book chapters. He is the author of fifteen books, including Smart Antennas, History of Wireless, and Physics of Multiantenna Systems and Broadband Processing (all published by Wiley).

Blurb

A STEP–BY–STEP GUIDE TO PARALLELIZING CEM CODES

The future of computational electromagnetics is changing drastically as the new generation of computer chips evolves from single–core to multi–core. The burden now falls on software programmers to revamp existing codes and add new functionality to enable computational codes to run efficiently on this new generation of multi–core CPUs. In this book, you′ll learn everything you need to know to deal with multi–core advances in chip design by employing highly efficient parallel electromagnetic code. Focusing only on the Method of Moments (MoM), the book covers:

• In–Core and Out–of–Core LU Factorization for Solving a Matrix Equation
• A Parallel MoM Code Using RWG Basis Functions and ScaLAPACK–Based In–Core and Out–of–Core Solvers
• A Parallel MoM Code Using Higher–Order Basis Functions and ScaLAPACK–Based In–Core and Out–of–Core Solvers
• Turning the Performance of a Parallel Integral Equation Solver
• Refinement of the Solution Using the Conjugate Gradient Method
• A Parallel MoM Code Using Higher–Order Basis Functions and PLAPACK–Based In–Core and Out–of–Core Solvers
• Applications of the Parallel Frequency Domain Integral Equation Solver

Appendices are provided with detailed information on the various computer platforms used for computation; a demo shows you how to compile ScaLAPACK and PLAPACK on the Windows® operating system; and a demo parallel source code is available to solve the 2D electromagnetic scattering problems.

Parallel Solution of Integral Equation–Based EM Problems in the Frequency Domain is indispensable reading for computational code designers, computational electromagnetics researchers, graduate students, and anyone working with CEM software.