1. Synthesis of oxetanes from epoxides 2. Synthesis of oxetanes from ketenes 3. Synthesis of oxetanes from carbonyl compounds 4. Synthesis of oxetanes from acid, alcohol, and carbonyl moiety containing compounds 5. Synthesis of oxetanes from alcohols 6. Synthesis of oxetanes from diols and halo alcohols 7. Synthesis of oxetanes under photochemical irradiation 8. Synthesis of fused oxetanes under photochemical irradiation