Overtraining Syndrome in Athletes: A Comprehensive Review and Novel Perspectives

ISBN-13: 9783030526306 / Angielski / Miękka / 2021 / 360 str.

Flavio Cadegiani

Opis

This book discusses major changes in our understanding of the most prevalent non-orthopedic, sports-related condition – overtraining syndrome (OTS), arguing that it should be considered as the manifestation of burnout in athletes, rather than simply the result of excessive training.While the chronic adaptations of the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems to exercise are well documented, those of the endocrine system are less well known, and adaptations of the hormonal ranges for athletes are yet to be determined. There is also a lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, consistent assessment methods and biomarkers.This book offers a systematic review of the hormonal aspects of overtraining syndrome, and a comparison with sports-related syndromes triggered by chronic deprivation of different sorts, including the female athlete triad (and its derivative, RED-S) and burnout syndrome of the athlete (BSA). It demonstrates that these conditions, although studied separately from each other, may all be different manifestations of the same condition, leading to ‘maladaptive’ (dysfunctional forced adaptations to a hostile environment) changes in response to chronic depletion of energy and mechanisms of repair, causing multiple dysfunctions.The author proposes that OTS/Paradoxical Deconditioning Syndrome (PDS), RED-S/TRIAD and BSA are parts of a same condition, or at least a group of similar conditions. Further, the book offers a chronological overview of OTS, based on preliminary research.Given its broad scope, this concise reference book will appeal to a range of health professionals. It allows readers, including those without a strong academic background, to gain a systematic understanding of OTS.

Spis treści

1.       Introduction

2.       Historical perspective

3.       Basic concepts on overtraining syndrome

4.       Classical understanding of overtraining syndrome

a.       Initial theories

b.      Preliminary biomarkers:

-          Biochemical markers

-          Clinical markers

c.       Current diagnostic criteria

5.       Methodological challenges and limitations of the research of overtraining syndrome

6.        (New findings on overtraining syndrome)

a.       Advances in the methodology

b.      Lessons from the Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome (EROS) study

B1. Summary of the results

B2. Analysis of the results: the mechanisms and aspects unveiled by the EROS study

B3. Remarkable, unexpected, and novel findings

c.       New markers of overtraining syndrome

d.      Novel disruptors of OTS, predictors of clinical and biochemical behaviors, and correlations between clinical and metabolic parameters

e.      Novel risk factors for OTS

f.        Preliminary scales for prevention and identification of OTS

 

The EROS STUDY as a shift in the understanding of overtraining syndrome

 

7.       New understanding on overtraining syndrome

a.       From an overtraining-centered to a multi-factorial understanding of OTS

b.      The pivotal sequence of dysfunctions that leads to OTS

c.       Overtraining syndrome: an overt or a relative dysfunction?

d.      Unexpected serendipitous findings of novel conditioning processes in healthy athletes

e.      The novel key pathophysiological characteristic of overtraining syndrome

f.        New concepts on overtraining syndrome

g.       Particularities of the diagnosis of overtraining syndrome in female athletes

8.       Similarities between Overtraining Syndrome (OTS), Female Athlete Triad (TRIAD), Relative Energy Deficiency of the Sport (RED-S), and Burnout syndrome of the athlete (BSA)

a.       Female Athlete Triad (TRIAD)

b.      Relative Energy Deficiency of the Sport (RED-S)

c.       Burnout Syndrome of the Athlete (BSA)

d.      Similarities between RED-S/TRIAD, BSA, and OTS/PDS

9.       The high prevalence of “pseudo-OTS”

10.   “Deconditioning” and “hypometabolism” as two neologisms that describe the novel processes identified in OTS

11.   Practical approach to the athlete suspected or at high-risk for OTS

a.       New diagnostic tools for OTS

b.      Preliminary core for the diagnosis of OTS

c.       Tools for the identification of athletes at high risk for OTS

d.      Advances in the diagnosis of OTS

e.      Effective prevention of overtraining syndrome

12.   Limitations, challenges and directions for future studies on overtraining syndrome

13.   Summary

14.   Conclusions

O autorze

Flavio A. Cadegiani is a physician with board certification in internal medicine, as well as endocrinology and metabolism. He holds a Master’s Degree (MSc) in Clinical Endocrinology from Federal University of São Paulo, and completed his PhD, also in Clinical Endocrinology, at the same university, focusing on the endocrinology of physical activity and sport. He is currently an Associate Editor at BMC Endocrine Disorders, and Guest Editor of Frontiers in Endocrinology and BMC Sports Science, Medicine, and Rehabilitation. He supervises PhD students at the Federal University of São Paulo, is an active researcher and has recently founded the Corpometria Institute, which focuses on research on the endocrine adaptive physiology of physical activity.