Otto Hahn: Achievement and Responsibility

ISBN-13: 9780387950570 / Angielski / Twarda / 2001 / 276 str.

Klaus Hoffmann; J. Michael Cole

Opis

Research in the biological as well as the physical sciences is again raising questions about the responsible uses of science, much as half a century ago, when the detonation of nuclear weapons led many scientists to consider the uses to which their discoveries were put. Otto Hahn (1879-1968) was awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on atomic fission: His experiments with Lise Meitner and Fritz Strassmann in Berlin in the 1930s and 1940s led to the discovery that uranium nuclei can undergo spontaneous fission, releasing enormous energies. The results, conveyed to England and the US by scientific refugees from Nazi Germany, instigated the Manhattan Project and the development of the Atomic Bomb. Reviled by many after the war as one of the people responsible for the carnage at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Hahn had already begun to reflect on the political and social responsibility of scientists for their fundamental discoveries and the subsequent applications of the knowledge they create. Already during the war, Hahn had protested Nazi restrictions on universities and researchers, and after the War he became actively involved in efforts to restrict the spread of nuclear weapons. In this volume Klaus Hoffmann discusses Hahn's contributions to science and his reflections on scientific and social responsibility. He concludes that Hahn's ideas can still serve as a foundation for responsible and moral actions by scientists.

Recenzje

From the reviews of the first edition:

"J. Michael Cole translated this biography, which appeared in German on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the death of Otto Hahn. ... the description of the life and thinking of this great scientist is fascinating and thrills everyone who takes an interest to read it. ... the chronological course of events in his life, career, and his thinking is presented in such a gripping style, that it is hard to put the book down." (K.-E. Hellwig, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1069, 2005)

Spis treści

Preface. Translator's Preface. 1. Atom Bomb and Nobel Prize. 2. Boyhood, Studies, and the First Probationary Years. 3. The Awakening of the Natural Sciences. 4. The First Scientific Discovery. 5. Research the University of Berlin. 6. The Kaiser Wilhelm Society. 7. The First World War. 8. New Success for the Atomic Researchers. 9. National Socialism--Night Falls on German Science. 10.Dispute Over the 93rd Element. 11. The Splitting of the Uranium Atom. 12. The Threat of Hitler's Atom Bomb. 13.The American Super--Explosive U235. 14. The Hunt for the Atomic Scientists. 15. A World Full of Prejudice. 16. Atom Bomb Diplomacy. 17. In Conflict with Conscience and Politics. 18. The Call of the Goettingen Eighteen. 19. Against Nuclear Weapon Experiments and Nuclear Balance. 20. Timetable. 21. Sources and Pointers. Index.