Organotin: Environmental Fate and Effects

ISBN-13: 9780412582400 / Angielski / Twarda / 1996 / 624 str.

M. a. Champ; Peter F. Seligman; Michael A. Champ

Opis

single toxicant before it, yet one that has now been brought under effective control-at least in estuaries and the nearshore environment. The problem with TBT and its cause was first recognized in France, then in the United Kingdom and the United States of America; and in these and other countries legislation is now in place (see Abel, Chapter 2; Champ and Wade, Chapter 3), but in many countries the hazard is only now being identified. This volume has the important function of making available to all a summary of the results of work on TBT and the main conclusions. It will help to minimize the duplication of research and speed the introduction of legislation around the world to control organotin pollution. It is the more valuable because research on TBT has often been published in less accessible journals and symposium proceedings. This volume brings together accounts of these findings by the major contributors to the TBT story, providing the most comprehensive account to date. The TBT problem has proved to be instructive in a number of different ways beyond the bounds of the specific issue (Stebbing, 1985). Most important is that TBT can be seen as a challenge to monitoring systems for nearshore waters, by which it can be judged how effective monitoring has been in fulfilling its purpose, and what improvements should be made. Most instructive was the time it took to bring TBT under control.

Recenzje

`...thanks to this multidisciplinary approach, the environmental problem of organotin compounds could be solved.'
The Journal of the European Water Pollution Control Association
`...well worth the wait...this book is not only a comprehensive reference but also a valuable practical guide...very well edited...highly consistent, logically organized and very readable.'
Marine Environmental Research
`...the general organization of this book is good and individual chapters are both stimulating and readable.'
Applied Organometallic Chemistry

Spis treści

Foreword. Preface. List of acronyms. An introduction to organotin compounds and their use in anti-fouling coatings. European policy and regulatory action for organotin-based antifouling paints. Regulatory policies and strategies for organotin compounds. Purge-trap method for determination of tributyltin by atomic absorption spectrometry. Gas chromatographic determination of butylin compounds in water using hydride derivatization. Grignard derivatization and mass spectrometry as techniques for the analysis of butyltins in environmental samples. Analytical methods for tributyltin in sediments and tissues. Comparison of methodologies for butyltin species determination. A review of acute effects of tributyltin compounds on aquatic biota. Experimental studies of chronic toxicity of tributyltin compounds. An assessment of the value of shell thickening in Crassostrea gigas as an indicator of exposure to tributyltin. Embryogenesis and larval development in Crassostrea gigas: experimental data and field observations on the effect of tributyltin compounds. Reproductive failure in the gastropod Nucella lapillus associated with Imposex caused by Tributyltin pollution: a review. Flowthrough bioassay studies on the effects of antifouling TBT leachates. Mussels as bioindicators: effects of TBT on survival, bioaccumulation, and growth under natural conditions. Bioaccumulation of TBT by aquatic organisms. Tributyltin bioconcentration from solution and suspended sediments by oysters with a comparison to uptake in a field experiment. Metabolism of tributyltin by aquatic organisms. Measurement and significance of the release rate for tributyltin. Environmental loading of tributyltin from drydocks and ship hulls. Persistence and fate of tributyltin in aquatic ecosystems. Particle-water partitioning and the role of sediments as a sink and secondary source of TBT. Sorption behaviour of tributyltin. Tributyltin concentration in waters of the Chesapeake Bay. Tributyltin concentrations in water, sediment, and bivalve tissues from San Diego Bay and Hawaiian harbours. Tributyltin in Canadian waters. Changes in concentrations of organotins in water and sediment in England and Wales following legislation. Organotins in municipal wastewater and sewage sludge. Research information requirements associated with the enviromental fate and effects of organotin compounds. Index.