Organic Farming, Prototype for Sustainable Agricultures

ISBN-13: 9789402402988 / Angielski / Miękka / 2016 / 489 str.

Stephane Bellon; Servane Penvern

Opis

Stakeholders show a growing interest for organic food and farming (OF&F), which becomes a societal component. Rather than questioning whether OF&F outperforms conventional agriculture or not, the main question addressed in this book is how, and in what conditions, OF&F may be considered as a prototype towards sustainable agricultures.

Spis treści

Preface; U. Niggli
1. Introduction: Organic food and Farming, Prototype for Sustainable Agriculture; S. Bellon & S. Penvern
PART 1 – SYSTEM’S FUNCTIONING TO IMPROVE SELF-SUFFICIENCY
1.1 ORGANIC LANDCARE AND FERTILITY
2. Soil phosphorus (P) management in organic cropping systems: from current practices to avenues for a more efficient use of P resource; T. Nesme, B.Colomb, P. Hinsinger & C.A. Watson
3. Intercropping – applying ecological principles for improved nitrogen use efficiency in organic farming systems; L. Bedoussac, E. Justes, E.-P. Journet, H. Hauggaard-Nielsen, C. Naudin, G. Corre-Hellou, L. Prieur & E.S. Jensen
1.2 CROP PROTECTION IN ORGANIC FARMING
4. Regulatory framework for plant protection in organic farming; B. Speiser, L. Tamm & F. Weibel
5. Conservation biocontrol: Principles and implementation in organic farming; S. Simon, A. Rusch, E. Wyss & J.P. Sarthou
6. Contribution of agroecology to plant protection in Organic Farming: Relevance and Limits; J.P. Deguine & S. Penvern
7. Building apple ideotypes adapted to organic and low-input, competitive systems; L. Parisi, L. Jamar, M. Lateur, F. Laurens & P.E. Lauri
1.3 LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT AND SYSTEM DESIGN
8. Alternatives to chemical antiparasitic drugs in livestock in organic farming; H. Hoste, S. Sotiraki, H. Mejer, F. Heckendorn, V. Maurer & S. Thamsborg
9. Animal healthcare strategies in organic and conventional farming; C. Nicourt & J. Cabaret
10. Technical and economic performances in organic sheep-for-meat farms: observations on sheep-rearing networks and experimental farms; M. Benoit & G.Laignel
11. Experiencing organic mixed-crop dairy systems: a step by step assessment and redesign centred on a long-term experiment; X. Coquil, A.Blouet, J.L. Fiorelli & C. Mignolet
PART 2 – ORGANIC PERFORMANCES: BETWEEN SOCIETAL EXPECTATIONS AND SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
12. Using Life Cycle Analysis to compare the environmental performance of organic and conventional apple orchards; A. Alaphilippe, F. Hayer, S. Simon & G. Gaillard
13. The potential of organic agriculture to mitigate the impact of agriculture on global warming - a review; A. Muller & C. Aubert
2.2 ANIMAL WELFARE
14. The respect of the five freedoms of farm animal in a context of environmental and health constraints: how much organic farming may play a role? A review; J. Cabaret & M. Vaarst
15. Can organic animal farmers do animal husbandry? Breaking with “animal production”, a major issue for organic farming; J. Porcher
2.3 QUALITY OF ORGANIC PRODUCTS
16. Food quality and possible positive health effect of organic products; D. Lairon & M. Huber
17. Quality of organic lamb; S. Prache & A. Priolo
18. Is organic farming unsustainable? Analysis of the debate about the conventionalisation of the organic label; G. Teil
PART 3 – DEVELOPMENT DYNAMIC AND UP-SCALING (FOOD SYSTEM AND TERRITORY)
3.1 NEW FRAMEWORKS FOR NEW VALUATION CRITERIA
19. Transforming Recognition of the Social, Ecological and Economic Goods and Services Derived from Organic Agriculture in the Canadian Context ; D.H. Lynch, J. Sumner & R.C. Martin
20. Seed sector and breeding methods: challenges for organic varieties; D. Desclaux & J.-M. Nolot
21. Seed for Organic Agriculture: the Development of the Participatory Plant Breeding and the Farmers’ Networks in France; V. Chable, J. Dawson, R. Bocci & I. Goldringer
3.2 TRANSITION PATHWAYS IN AGRI-FOOD SYSTEMS: FARMING PRACTICES AND FOOD NETWORKS
22. Enabling the Ecological Redesign of Organic and Conventional Agriculture: A Social Ecology and Psychosocial Perspective – Position Paper; S. Hill
23. Transitions towards organic farming at the farm and at the local scales: the role of innovative production and organisational modes and networks; C. Lamine, M. Navarrete & A. Cardona
24. Contributing to the sustainability of agro-food systems: Potentials and pitfalls for organic farming; I. Darnhofer
25. Multi-scale integrated assessment of regional conversion to Organic Farming; S. Lopez-Ridaura & S. Delmotte.

Blurb

Various stakeholders have shown a growing interest in organic food and farming (OF&F), which has become a widespread issue at all levels of society. However, much debate still arises about the value of OF&F as a model for sustainable agriculture. Rather than questioning whether organic farming performs better or not than conventional farming, the main question addressed in this book is how and under what conditions OF&F may contribute to sustainable agricultures. Multiple forms are emerging today, among which OF&F represents a prototype, evolving in strong interaction with them and tackling the multiple challenges facing sustainable agriculture.

This book presents 25 papers divided into three main sections. The first section investigates OF&F production processes and the capacity of OF&F to benefit from ecological regulations and system functioning to achieve a greater degree of self-sufficiency. The second one proposes an overview of organic performances that provide commodities and public goods in response to societal demands. The third focuses on how to mainstream different forms of organic agriculture, including development pathways for organic farming and up-scaling within agri-food systems and territories.

In addition to a strong theoretical component, this book provides an overview of the current challenges facing OF&F. It questions the successes and limitations of organics, with particular emphasis on bottlenecks and lock-in effects at various levels, highlighting recent innovations and presenting a critical appraisal of the state of the art of existing knowledge. It contributes to our understanding of the perspectives and future challenges for research in organic farming in France and in Europe.

Each area of OF&F is examined, with papers from leading experts who have been involved in organic research projects and partnerships for many years and who provide complementary insights into the key issues facing organic agriculture and research worldwide.