Organic Chemistry of the Earth's Atmosphere

ISBN-13: 9783642750960 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 215 str.

Valerii A. Isidorov; E. a. Koroleva

Opis

Organic chemicals constitute minor gaseous components of the earth's atmosphere. Despite low concentrations they play an important role in the global processes influencing the composition of our atmosphere. The author summarizes the multidisciplinary data on sources and thermo- and photochemical transformations of organic components in the atmosphere. Modern methods of atmospheric microimpurity analysis are explained. Models for their time-dimensional distribution both in the urban atmosphere and in unpolluted air are developed. The book provides a unique source of contemporary information for scientists involved in atmospheric chemistry, meteorology, ecology and geophysics.

Spis treści

1 Chemical Composition of the Earth’s Atmosphere and Its Evolution.- 1.1 General Information About the Structure and Chemical Composition of the Atmosphere.- 1.2 Thermal Balance and Atmospheric Circulation.- 1.3 Evolution of the Chemical Composition of the Earth’s Atmosphere.- 2 Time-Dimensional Distribution of Organic Components of the Atmosphere.- 2.1 Hydrocarbons.- 2.1.1 Methane.- 2.1.2 Nonmethane Hydrocarbons.- 2.2 Oxygen-, Nitrogen-, and Sulfur-Containing Components.- 2.2.1 Carbonyl Compounds.- 2.2.2 Alcohols and Carboxylie Acids.- 2.2.3 Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Containing Derivatives.- 2.3 Halogenated Compounds.- 2.3.1 Chloro- and Chlorofluorohydrocarbons.- 2.3.2 Chlorine Pesticides.- 2.4 Organo-Element Compounds.- 2.5 Organic Compounds Present in Aerosols.- 2.5.1 Alkanes.- 2.5.2 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- 2.5.3 Alcohols, Carboxylyc Acids and Esters.- 3 Natural Sources of Organic Components of the Atmosphere.- 3.1 Biogenic Sources.- 3.1.1 Terrestrial Vegetation.- 3.1.2 Aquatic Vegetation.- 3.1.3 Microorganisms. Qualitative Composition of Compounds Produced by Them.- 3.1.4 Microbiological Production of Hydrocarbons and Sulfur-Containing Compounds.- 3.2 Geogenic and Other Natural Sources.- 3.2.1 Volcanism.- 3.2.2 Emission of Organic Gases from the Earth’s Crust.- 3.2.3 Forest Fires.- 4 Man-Made Pollution.- 4.1 Automobile Transport.- 4.1.1 General Characterization of the Source.- 4.1.2 Composition of Exhaust Gases.- 4.2 Industrial Production.- 4.2.1 Industrial Sources of Volatile Hydrocarbons.- 4.2.2 Emission of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- 4.2.3 Halogenated Compounds.- 4.3 Municipal Sources.- 5 Chemical Transformation of Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere.- 5.1 Reactive Particles in the Atmosphere.- 5.2 Atmospheric Chemistry of Hydrocarbons.- 5.3 Oxygen-, Nitrogen-, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds.- 5.4 Photochemistry of the Polluted Urban Atmosphere.- 5.5 Chemistry of Halogenated Organic Compounds.- 5.6 Some Photostimulated Reactions on Aerosol Surfaces.- 6 Modern Methods of Analysis of Organic Components in the Atmosphere.- 6.1 Chromatographic Methods.- 6.1.1 Gas Chromatographic Determination of Pollutants.- 6.1.2 Liquid Chromatography in the Analytical Chemistry of the Atmosphere.- 6.1.3 Hyphenated Systems.- 6.2 Spectroscopic Methods of Investigation.- 7 References.