1. Introduction 2. The Origin and Development of Organic Agriculture in China 3. Agro-biodiversity conservation and implications in China 4. The Organic Agriculture Management System and Institutional System in China 5. Government Policy of Organic Agriculture in China 6. Government Policy of Biodiversity Protection in China 7. Biodiversity conservation and utilization in agricultural landscape 8. Arthropod biodiversity in Organic Agro-ecosystems 9. Farmland Bird Diversity in China 10. Case studies of biodiversity in typical organic agricultural production area 11. Conclusions and Future Perspectives