1. Fracturing Chronology: Milestones of the Hydraulic Fracturing Process 2. Shale Gas and Oil Play Screening Criteria 3. Fracturability Index Maps for Fracture Placement in Shale Plays 4. Is Fracturability Index a Mineralogical Index? A New Approach for Fracturing Decisions 5. Sequencing and Determination of Horizontal Wells and Fractures in Shale Plays: Building a Combined Targeted Treatment Scheme 6. A Computational Comparison between Optimization Techniques for Well Placement Problem: Mathematical Formulations, Genetic Algorithms, and Very Fast Simulated Annealing 7. Two-Dimensional Mathematical Optimization Approach for Well Placement and Fracture Design of Shale Reservoirs 8. Multigrid Fracture-Stimulated Reservoir Volume Mapping Coupled with a Novel Mathematical Optimization Approach to Shale Reservoir Well and Fracture Design 9. Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Future Directions