Optical Switching

ISBN-13: 9780471685968 / Angielski / Twarda / 2006 / 272 str.

Georgios I Papadimitriou

Opis

While much has been published on the subject in individual articles, this text is the first to cohesively present optical switching in a single book. The three authors examine and discuss all the challenges involved in the commercialization of optical switching. Readers are brought up to date with the latest advances in research as well as the technological hurdles that researchers.

Spis treści

PREFACE.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS.

1 Introduction.

1.1 The Evolution of Optical Networks.

1.1.1 Broadcast–and–Select Networks.

1.1.2 Wavelength–Routed Networks.

1.2 View of the Current Network.

1.3 Optical Networking.

1.4 Switching in Optical Networks.

1.4.1 Optical Switching.

1.4.2 Opaque Switching.

1.4.3 Challenges for Optical Switching.

1.5 Optical Switching Paradigms.

References.

2 Optical Switches.

2.1 Parameters Used for Switch Performance Evaluation.

2.2 Applications of Optical Switches.

2.2.1 Optical Crossconnects.

2.2.2 Protection and Restoration.

2.2.3 Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing.

2.2.4 Optical Signal Monitoring.

2.2.5 Network Provisioning.

2.3 Optical Switch Fabrics.

2.3.1 Optomechanical Switches.

2.3.2 Optical Micro–Electro–Mechanical Systems (Optical MEMS).

2.3.3 Electro–Optic Switches.

2.3.4 Thermo–Optic Switches.

2.3.5 Liquid–Crystal Switches.

2.3.6 Bubble Switches.

2.3.7 Acousto–Optic Switches.

2.3.8 Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Switches.

2.3.9 All–Optical Switches.

2.4 Building Large Switches.

References.

3 Optical Packet Switching.

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Design Alternatives for Optical Packet Switches.

3.2.1 Synchronous versus Asynchronous Optical Packet Switching.

3.2.2 Header Format, Transmission, and Processing.

3.2.3 Electronic versus Optical Control.

3.2.4 Optical Switch Fabric Technology and Architecture.

3.3 Enabling Technologies for Optical Packet Switching.

3.3.1 All–Optical 3R Regeneration.

3.3.2 All–Optical Packet Delineation and Synchronization.

3.3.3 All–Optical Signal Processing.

3.3.4 All–Optical Buffering.

3.3.5 All–Optical Packet Switch Fabrics.

3.3.6 All–Optical Wavelength Conversion.

3.4 General Architecture of an Optical Packet Switch.

3.5 Wavelength Conversion in Optical Packet Switching.

3.5.1 Limited Range Wavelength Converters.

3.6 Contention Resolution in Optical Packet Switches.

3.6.1 Buffering.

3.6.2 Deflection Routing.

3.6.3 Discussion.

3.7 Quality of Service Support.

3.8 Optical Packet Switch Architectures.

3.8.1 KEOPS.

3.8.2 WASPNET.

3.8.3 The Data–Vortex Packet Switch.

3.9 Metropolitan Area Packet Switched Networks.

3.9.1 The HORNET Project.

3.9.2 The DAVID Project.

3.9.3 The RingO Project.

References.

4 Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching.

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Multiprotocol Label Switching.

4.2.1 MPLS Operation.

4.2.2 Label Distribution.

4.2.3 Traffic Engineering.

4.2.4 Constraint–Based Routing.

4.2.5 Extensions to Routing Protocols.

4.2.6 Extensions to Signaling Protocols.

4.3 Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching.

4.3.1 Introduction.

4.3.2 Overview of GMPLS.

4.3.3 Fundamental GMPLS Features.

4.4 The GMPLS Protocol Suite.

4.4.1 Routing Protocols.

4.4.2 Signaling Protocols.

4.4.3 Link Management Protocol.

4.5 Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON).

4.5.1 The ASON Architecture.

4.5.2 ASON and GMPLS.

References.

5 Optical Burst Switching.

5.1 Network and Node Architecture.

5.1.1 Wavelength–Routed Optical Burst Switched Networks.

5.1.2 Labeled Optical Burst Switching.

5.2 Burst Assembly.

5.2.1 Burst Assembly Algorithms.

5.2.2 Predictive Assembly Algorithms.

5.3 Signaling.

5.3.1 The JumpStart Signaling Architecture.

5.4 Routing and Wavelength Assignment in OBS Networks.

5.4.1 Routing.

5.4.2 Wavelength Assignment.

5.5 Burst Scheduling.

5.5.1 Scheduling Algorithms Without Void Filling.

5.5.2 Scheduling Algorithms with Void Filling.

5.5.3 Efficient Implementations of Scheduling Algorithms.

5.5.4 Other Approaches to Burst Scheduling.

5.6 Contention Resolution.

5.6.1 Deflection Routing in OBS Networks.

5.6.2 Burst Segmentation.

5.6.3 Prioritized Contention Resolution.

5.7 Quality of Service Support.

5.7.1 Offset–Based QoS.

5.7.2 Other Schemes for QoS Support.

5.8 Protection and Restoration.

5.8.1 1þ1 Protection in OBS Networks.

5.8.2 Restoration via Deflection Routing.

5.8.3 Reliability in OBS Networks.

5.9 Multicasting.

References.

INDEX.

O autorze

GEORGIOS PAPADIMITRIOU, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Informatics, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece. His research interests include optical networks, wireless networks, high–speed LANs, and learning automata. Dr. Papadimitriou is Associate Editor of five IEEE journals and has published over 130 papers in international journals and conferences. He is also coauthor of the books Multiwavelength Optical LANs and Wireless Networks (both published by Wiley) and coeditor of Applied System Simulation.

CHRISOULA PAPAZOGLOU, BS, is a PhD candidate in optical communication networks at Aristotle University. Her research interests include wide area optical networks and optical switching.

ANDREAS S. POMPORTSIS, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Informatics, Aristotle University. He is coauthor of the books Multiwavelength Optical LANs and Wireless Networks (both published by Wiley). His research interests include optical networks, wireless networks, learning automata, computer architecture, parallel and distributed computer systems, and multimedia systems.

Blurb

The first comprehensive examination of optical switching: where the field is and where it′s going

With its potential to unlock a significant portion of the optical fiber bandwidth, optical switching has attracted a great deal of attention from the telecommunications industry. While much has been published on the subject in individual articles, Optical Switching is the first to cohesively present the topic in a single book. The three authors examine and discuss all the challenges involved in the commercialization of optical switching. Readers are brought up to date with the latest advances in research as well as the technological hurdles that researchers and engineers still face.

One of the first topics addressed in the book is the optical switch fabric, the device that can redirect optical signals according to instructions that it receives from the switch control unit. The authors explore key issues surrounding optical switch fabrics, including the parameters taken into account when evaluating optical switching technologies, the potential applications of optical switches in networks, the most popular optical switching technologies, and the manufacture of switches with large port counts.

Next, the authors dedicate individual chapters to the three optical switching paradigms that are most promising:

• Optical Packet Switching (OPS)
• Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS)
• Optical Burst Switching (OBS)

Readers gain an in–depth understanding of the principles underlying each paradigm and each one′s advantages and disadvantages. Illustrations are used extensively throughout the book to help readers visualize complex concepts and systems. The bibliography points readers to the relevant literature for further investigation of particular topics.

For telecommunications and network engineers, this is the first source to bring together a current understanding of optical switching based on the latest research. It is also recommended as a supplement for courses on advanced optical networks to introduce students to this important emerging technology.