Opportunities and Uses of the Ocean

ISBN-13: 9781461260387 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 320 str.

David A. Ross; David A. Ross

Opis

The oceans cover about 72 percent of our planet (which is named for the remaining 28 percent). These oceans have fascinated and challenged the human race for centuries. In the past, the ocean had been used first as a source of food and later as a means of transportation. However, the oceans have recently become very important-they may offer a solution to many of our modern problems. For example, refuse from land is to be dumped into the ocean never to be seen again; fish and other biological resources are to be caught and used to meet the protein deficiency of the world; oil and gas from the continental shelf and perhaps deeper areas will eventually solve our energy problems. None ofthese examples is completely possible, and the at source offood and later as a means of transportation. However, the oceans social, and ecological problems in the marine environment. Countries are al ready planning how the oceans can be divided up, so that they will get their "fair share." Economists, politicians, and others are producing almost daily, optimistic or pessimistic views (depending upon your own viewpoint) about the ocean and its resources. Equally loud reports come from environ mentalists, conservationists, government sources, and oil companies con cerning the pollution and potential destruction of the ocean."

Spis treści

1 The Opportunity of the Ocean.- 2 How the Ocean Works.- General Characteristics of the Oceans.- The Origin of the Oceans.- General Topography of the Ocean.- Origin of the Ocean Basin.- Water.- Physical Oceanography.- Chemical Oceanography.- Biological Oceanography.- Marine Geology-Geological Oceanography.- References.- 3 The Legal Aspects of the Ocean.- Events Leading to the Truman Proclamation.- The Truman Proclamation.- The and 1960 Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea 42.- Events Leading to the Law of the Sea Conferences in thes 50.- Basic Issues of the Law of the Sea Conferences of thes 54.- The Freedom of Scientific Research Issue.- References.- 4 Marine Shipping.- The World Shipping Fleet.- The United States Shipping Fleet.- Port and Offshore Facilities.- Problems Associated with Shipping.- Shipping and the Law of the Sea.- References.- 5 The Resources of the Ocean.- Mineral Resources of the Ocean.- Marine Resources of the Continental Margin.- Resources of the Deep Sea.- Biologic Resources of the Ocean.- References.- 6 Marine Pollution.- Domestic, Industrial, and Agricultural Pollution.- Ocean Dumping.- Hydrocarbon Pollution.- Pollution Resulting from Exploration and Exploitation of Marine Mineral Resources.- Radioactive and Thermal Wastes.- Conclusions.- References.- 7 Military Uses of the Ocean.- Antisubmarine Warfare.- Relative Naval Strengths of the United States and the USSR.- Military Use of the Ocean and the Law of the Sea.- References.- 8 The Coastal Zone.- Ownership and Definition of Coastal Regions.- Oceanographic Processes Relative to the Coastal Zone.- Coastal Erosion.- Estuaries and Marshes.- Human Activity in the Coastal Zone.- Use of the Coastal Zone.- References.- 9 Innovative Uses of the Ocean.- Energy from the Sea.- Climate and the Ocean.- Fresh Water from the Sea.- Disposal of Nuclear Wastes in the Deep Sea.- Innovative Opportunities for Using Marine Organisms.- Other Innovative Ideas.- References.