Open Quantum Systems and Feynman Integrals

ISBN-13: 9789401088039 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 356 str.

Pavel Exner

Opis

Every part of physics offers examples of non-stability phenomena, but probably nowhere are they so plentiful and worthy of study as in the realm of quantum theory. The present volume is devoted to this problem: we shall be concerned with open quantum systems, i.e. those that cannot be regarded as isolated from the rest of the physical universe. It is a natural framework in which non-stationary processes can be investigated. There are two main approaches to the treatment of open systems in quantum theory. In both the system under consideration is viewed as part of a larger system, assumed to be isolated in a reasonable approximation. They are differentiated mainly by the way in which the state Hilbert space of the open system is related to that of the isolated system - either by orthogonal sum or by tensor product. Though often applicable simultaneously to the same physical situation, these approaches are complementary in a sense and are adapted to different purposes. Here we shall be concerned with the first approach, which is suitable primarily for a description of decay processes, absorption, etc. The second approach is used mostly for the treatment of various relaxation phenomena. It is comparably better examined at present; in particular, the reader may consult a monograph by E. B. Davies.

Recenzje

`The careful and comprehensive treatment given in the book, utilizing a wide range of modern analysis (...) is accompanied by equally careful discussion of the physics involved, so that it should be accessible and useful to a wide range of mathematicians, physicists, to whom it is primarily directed.'
Mathematical Reviews (1986)
`...the best and most comprehensive exposition that has appeared so far. ... ...I am tremendously impressed by individuals who have mastered large parts of both the physics of modern quantum theory and the associated rigorous mathematics; Exner is one of these individuals. I heartily recommend his book.'
Foundations of Physics, 15 (1985)

Spis treści

1 / Quantum Kinematics of Unstable Systems.- 1.1. Is There Anything Left to Study on Unstable Systems?.- 1.2. Basic Notions.- 1.3. Small-Time Behaviour.- 1.4. The Inverse Decay Problem.- 1.5. Semiboundedness and Other Properties of the Energy Spectrum.- 1.6. Bounded-Energy Approximation.- Notes to Chapter 1.- 2 / Repeated Measurements on Unstable Systems.- 2.1. Decay Law in the Presence of Repeated Measurements.- 2.2. Periodically Structured Measuring Devices.- 2.3. A Model: Charged Kaons in a Bubble Chamber.- 2.4. Limit of Continual Observation and the ‘Zeno’s Paradox’.- Notes to Chapter 2.- 3 / Dynamics and Symmetries.- 3.1. Poles of the Reduced Resolvent.- 3.2. Friedrichs Model.- 3.3. Bounded Perturbations of Embedded Eigenvalues.- 3.4. Symmetries and Broken Symmetries.- 3.5. Relativistic Invariance.- Notes to Chapter 3.- 4 / Pseudo-Hamiltonians.- 4.1. Pseudo-Hamiltonians and Quasi-Hamiltonians.- 4.2. Maximal Dissipative Operators.- 4.3. Schrödinger Pseudo-Hamiltonians.- 4.4. The Optical Approximation.- 4.5. Non-unitary Scattering Theory.- Notes to Chapter 4.- 5 / Feynman Path Integrals.- 5.1. The Integrals that are not Integrals: a Brief Survey.- 5.2. Feynman Maps on the Algebra ?(?).- 5.3. Hilbert Spaces of Paths.- 5.4. Polygonal-Path Approximations.- 5.5. Product Formulae.- 5.6. More about Other F-Integral Theories.- Notes to Chapter 5.- 6 / Application to Schrödinger Pseudo-Hamiltonians.- 6.1. Feynman—Cameron—Itô Formu la.- 6.2. The Damped Harmonic Oscillator.- 6.3. The ‘Feynman Paths’.- Notes to Chapter 6.- Selected Problems.