On the Problem of Empathy: The Collected Works of Edith Stein Sister Teresa Bendicta of the Cross Discalced Carmelite Volume Three

ISBN-13: 9780792304852 / Angielski / Twarda / 1989 / 137 str.

Edith Stein; W. J. Stein; W. J. Stein

Opis

he radical viewpoint of phenomenology is presented by T 3 Edmund Husser in his Ideas. This viewpoint seems quite simple at first, but becomes exceedingly complex and involves intricate distinctions when attempts are made to apply it to actual problems. Therefore, it may be well to attempt a short statement of this position in order to note the general problems with which it is dealing as well as the method of solution which it proposes. I shall emphasize the elements of phenomenology which seem most relevant to E. Stein's work. Husser deals with two traditional philosophical questions, and in answering them, develops the method of phenomenological reduction which he maintains is the basis of all science. These questions are, "What is it that can be known without doubt?" and "How is this knowledge possible in the most general sense?" In the tradition of idealism he takes consciousness as the area to be investigated. He posits nothing about the natural world. He puts it in "brackets," as a portion of an algebraic formula is put in brackets, and makes no use of the material within these brackets. This does not mean that the "real" wor d does not exist, he says emphatically; it only means that this existence is a presupposition must be suspended to achieve pure description.

Spis treści

Foreword.- II. The Essence of Acts of Empathy.- 1. The Method of the Investigation.- 2. Description of Empathy in Comparison with Other Acts.- (a) Outer Perception and Empathy.- (b) Primordiality and Non-primordiality.- (c) Memory, Expectation, Fantasy, and Empathy.- 3. Discussion in Terms of Other Descriptions of Empathy—Especially That of Lipps—and Continuation of the Analysis.- (a) Points of Agreement.- (b) The Tendency to Full Experiencing.- (C) Empathy and Fellow Feeling.- (d) Negative Empathy.- (e) Empathy and a Feeling of Oneness.- (f) Reiteration of Empathy—Reflexive Sympathy.- 4. The Controversy Between the View of Idea and That of Actuality.- 5. Discussion in Terms of Genetic Theories of the Comprehension of Foreign Consciousness.- (a) On the Relationship of Phenomenology to Psychology.- (b) The Theory of Imitation.- (c) The Theory of Association.- (d) The Theory of Inference by Analogy.- 6. Discussion in Terms of Scheler’s Theory of the Comprehension of Foreign Consciousness.- 7. Münsterberg’s Theory of the Experience of Foreign Consciousness.- III. The Constitution of the Psycho-Physical Individual.- 1. The Pure “I”.- 2. The Stream of Consciousness.- 3. The Soul.- 4. “I” and Living Body.- (a) The Givenness of the Living Body.- (b) The Living Body and Feelings.- (c) Soul and Living Body, Psycho-Physical Causality.- (d) The Phenomenon of Expression.- (e) Will and Living Body.- 5. Transition to the Foreign Individual.- (a) The Fields of Sensation of the Foreign Living Body.- (b) The Conditions of the Possibility of Sensual Empathy.- (c) The Consequence of Sensual Empathy and its Absence in the Literature on Empathy Under Discussion.- (d) The Foreign Living Body as the Center of Orientation of the Spatial World.- (e) The Foreign World Image as the Modification of Our Own World Image.- (f) Empathy as the Condition of the Possibility of Constituting Our Own Individual.- (g) The Constitution of the Real Outer World in Intersubjective Experience.- (h) The Foreign Living Body as the Bearer of Voluntary Movement.- (i) The Phenomena of Life.- (k) Causality in the Structure of the Individual.- (l) The Foreign Living Body as the Bearer of Phenomena of Expression.- (m) The Correction of Empathic Acts.- (n) The Constitution of the Psychic Individual and Its Significance for the Correction of Empathy.- (o) Deceptions of Empathy.- (p) The Significance of the Foreign Individual’s Constitution for the Constitution of Our Own Psychic Individual.- IV. Empathy as the Understanding of Spiritual Persons.- 1. The Concept of the Spirit and of the Cultural Sciences [Geisteswissenschaften].- 2. The Spiritual Subject.- 3. The Constitution of the Person in Emotional Experiences.- 4. The Givenness of the Foreign Person.- 5. Soul and Person.- 6. The Existence of the Spirit.- 7. Discussion in Terms of Dilthey.- (a) The Being and Value of the Person.- (b) Personal Types and the Conditions of the Possibility of Empathy With Persons.- 8. The Significance of Empathy for the Constitution of Our Own Person.- 9. The Question of the Spirit Being Based on the Physical Body.- Personal Biography.- Notes.