Part 1: Methodological Disputes in the Nineteenth Century: Neo-Kantianism, Existentialism, and the German Historical School 1. Neo-Kantian Epistemology and the Construction of Historical Objectivity: Kant and Rickert, 2. Kantian Existentialism and the Warring Gods of Modernity: From Schopenhauer to Nietzsche 3. Max Weber and the Kantians: Epistemology and Method in the Wissenschaftslehre Part 2: Methodological Disputes in the Twentieth Century: Rationalism, Hermeneutics, and Critical Theory 4. Critical Rationalism and Critical Theory: Popper, Adorno, Habermas, and Albert 5. Reintegrating Science and Ethics: Explanatory, Interpretive, and Emancipatory Sociology in Habermas.