Object-Oriented Programming: With Prototypes

ISBN-13: 9783642780790 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 335 str.

G. Nther Blaschek

Opis

Object-oriented programming is a popular buzzword these days. What is the reason for this popularity? Is object-oriented programming the solution to the software crisis or is it just a fad? Is it a simple evolutionary step or a radical change in software methodology? What is the central idea behind object-orien ted design? Are there special applications for which object-oriented program ming is particularly suited? Which object-oriented language should be used? There is no simple answer to these questions. Although object-oriented programming was invented more than twenty years ago, we still cannot claim that we know everything about this programming technique. Many new con cepts have been developed during the past decade, and new applications and implications of object-oriented programming are constantly being discovered. This book can only try to explain the nature of object-oriented program ming in as much detail as possible. It should serve three purposes. First, it is intended as an introduction to the basic concepts of object-oriented program ming. Second, the book describes the concept of prototypes and explains why and how they can improve the way in which object-oriented programs are developed. Third, it introduces the programming language Omega, an object oriented language that was designed with easy, safe and efficient software development in mind."

Spis treści

1 Reader’s Guide.- 1.1 Learning Object-Oriented Programming.- 1.2 Conventions Used in this Book.- 1.3 Survey.- 2 Principles of Object-Oriented Programming.- 2.1 What Is an Object?.- 2.2 Object-Oriented Terminology.- 2.2.1 Classes.- 2.2.2 Types.- 2.2.3 Object References.- 2.2.4 Instance Variables and Class Variables.- 2.2.5 Messages.- 2.2.6 Methods.- 2.2.7 Prototypes.- 2.2.8 Subclasses and Superclasses.- 2.2.9 Abstract Methods and Abstract Classes.- 2.2.10 Metaclasses.- 2.2.11 Related Terms in Conventional Programming.- 2.3 Polymorphism and Dynamic Binding.- 2.4 Inheritance.- 2.5 The Magic Word “Self”.- 2.6 Information Hiding.- 2.7 Static and Dynamic Typing.- 2.8 Genericity.- 2.9 Types, Classes, and Prototypes.- 2.10 Object Hierarchies.- 2.10.1 Single-Rooted and Multi-Rooted Class Hierarchies.- 2.10.2 Single and Multiple Inheritance.- 2.10.3 Is-a and Has-a Relations.- 2.10.4 Dependencies Among Objects.- 2.10.5 Delegation.- 2.10.6 Copy Chains.- 2.11 Values and References.- 2.12 Hybrid and Pure Object-Oriented Languages.- 2.12.1 Everything Is an Object.- 2.12.2 Uniformity Versus Efficiency.- 2.12.3 Object-Oriented Thinking.- 2.12.4 The Wider the Choice, the Greater the Trouble.- 3 Prototypes.- 3.1 Constructing Objects Straight Away.- 3.2 Kinds of Prototypes.- 3.2.1 Delegation — The Self Model.- 3.2.2 Module Operations — The Kevo Model.- 3.2.3 Inheritance and Propagation — The Omega Model.- 3.2.4 Comparison of Prototype Models.- 3.3 One-of-a-Kind Prototypes.- 3.4 Persistent Prototypes.- 3.5 The Prototype Corruption Problem.- 3.6 Prototypes and Prototyping.- 3.7 Prototypes in Class-Based Languages.- 4 The Programming Language Omega.- 4.1 Concepts and Conventions.- 4.2 Lexical Elements.- 4.2.1 Character Set.- 4.2.2 Symbols.- 4.3 Types and Prototypes.- 4.3.1 Standard and System Types.- 4.3.2 Monomorphic Types.- 4.3.3 Generic Prototypes.- 4.3.4 Pseudo Types.- 4.4 Compatibility Rules.- 4.4.1 Static Compatibility.- 4.4.2 Dynamic Compatibility.- 4.4.3 Type and Prototype Identifiers.- 4.5 Variables.- 4.6 Methods.- 4.7 Expressions.- 4.7.1 Elementary Expressions.- 4.7.2 Message Expressions.- 4.7.3 Precedence of Operations.- 4.8 Blocks and Actions.- 4.9 Flow Control.- 4.9.1 Predefined Flow Control Elements.- 4.9.2 Short-Circuit Evaluation of Boolean Operations.- 4.9.3 Iteration over Elements of Data Structures.- 4.9.4 Exception Handling.- 4.10 Memory Management.- 4.11 The Programming Environment.- 4.11.1 The Hierarchy Browser.- 4.11.2 The Object Editor.- 4.11.3 The Method Editor.- 4.11.4 The Log Window.- 4.11.5 The Profiler.- 5 Libraries and Frameworks.- 5.1 Conventional and Object-Oriented Libraries.- 5.2 Kinds of Classes.- 5.3 Object Protocols.- 5.4 Prototype Libraries.- 5.5 Frameworks.- 5.6 Cookbooks and Examples.- 6 The Omega Library.- 6.1 Concepts.- 6.2 Object Protocol.- 6.2.1 Variables of Object.- 6.2.2 Copying and Cloning.- 6.2.3 Comparison.- 6.2.4 Meta-Information.- 6.2.5 External Representation.- 6.2.6 Input.- 6.2.7 Exceptions.- 6.2.8 Workspace Activation and Passivation.- 6.2.9 Attributes.- 6.2.10 Change Propagation.- 6.2.11 Miscellaneous Methods.- 6.3 Basic Types.- 6.3.1 Integer.- 6.3.2 Real.- 6.3.3 Boolean.- 6.3.4 Char.- 6.3.5 Nil.- 6.3.6 Wrapper.- 6.4 Containers.- 6.4.1 Container.- 6.4.2 ByteArray.- 6.4.3 String.- 6.4.4 StringConstant.- 6.4.5 Collection.- 6.4.6 Array.- 6.4.7 IdSet.- 6.4.8 IdDictionary.- 6.5 Graphical Objects.- 6.5.1 Point.- 6.5.2 Box.- 6.5.3 Image.- 6.5.4 Area.- 6.5.5 Elementary Images.- 6.5.6 Pictures.- 6.6 User Interaction.- 6.6.1 Events.- 6.6.2 Event Handlers.- 6.7 Views, Windows and Panes.- 6.7.1 View.- 6.7.2 Windows.- 6.7.3 Panes.- 6.8 One-of-a-Kind Prototypes.- 6.8.1 Mouse.- 6.8.2 Keyboard.- 6.8.3 Workspace.- 6.9 Applications.- 7 Object-Oriented Design.- 7.1 The Goals of Object-Oriented Design.- 7.2 Design Techniques.- 7.2.1 The Vocabulary Approach.- 7.2.2 CRC Cards.- 7.3 Design Guidelines.- 7.3.1 Reusability.- 7.3.2 Safety.- 7.3.3 Inheritance.- 7.3.4 Libraries.- 7.3.5 Incremental Design.- 7.4 Designing with Prototypes.- 8 Final Words of Advice.- 8.1 Object-Oriented Programming — When and How?.- 8.2 Efficiency Considerations.- 8.3 The Influence of the Programming Language.- 8.4 Possible Pitfalls.- 8.5 The Spirit of Object-Oriented Programming.- References.- Figures.- Appendix A: The Syntax of Omega.- Appendix B: The Omega Type Hierarchy.