Nuclear Reprogramming: Methods and Protocols

ISBN-13: 9781617375309 / Angielski / Miękka / 2010 / 334 str.

Steve Pells

Opis

A wide-ranging collection of readily reproducible methods for performing nuclear reprogramming by nuclear transfer in several different species, by fusion through both chemical treatment and electrically shocking cells, and by in vivo treatment of cells with cell extracts. Several methods of monitoring nuclear reprogramming are also presented, including the use of transgenic markers, activation of telomerase as an ES-specific marker, light and electron microscopic observation of structural changes in the nucleus, and verification of surface marker expression and the differentiation potential of stem cells. Biochemical methods are provided for the examination of chromatin protein modifications, nucleosomal footprinting, transcription factor binding, and the study of DNA methylation changes both at the specific locus level and at the level of the whole nucleus.

Spis treści

Nuclear Transplantation in Xenopus John B. Gurdon Nuclear Transfer in Sheep William A. Ritchie Protocols for Nuclear Transfer in Mice Shaorong Gao Isolation of Stromal Stem Cells From Human Adipose Tissue Andrew C. Boquest, Aboulghassem Shahdadfar, Jan E. Brinchmann, and Philippe Collas Nuclear Reprogramming by Cell Fusion Robert H. Broyles, Austin C. Roth, Mairead Todd, and Visar Belegu Polyethylene Glycol-Mediated Cell Fusion Jian Yang and Ming Hong Shen Epigenetic Reprogramming of Somatic Genomes by Electrofusion With Embryonic Stem Cells Masako Tada and Takashi Tada Quantification of Cell Fusion by Flow Cytometry Stephen Sullivan, Martin Waterfall, Ed J. Gallagher, Jim McWhir, and Steve Pells Modulation of Cell Fate Using Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Extracts Anne-Mari Håkelien, Kristine G. Gaustad, and Philippe Collas Transgenic Systems in Nuclear Reprogramming Megan Munsie, Peter Mountford, and Jennifer Nichols Using Immunofluorescence to Observe Methylation Changes in Mammalian Preimplantation Embryos Fátima Santos and Wendy Dean Observing S-Phase Dynamics of Histone Modifications With Fluorescently Labeled Antibodies Rong Wu, Anna V. Terry, and David M. Gilbert Quantitative Analysis of Telomerase Activity and Telomere Length in Domestic Animal Clones Dean H. Betts, Steven Perrault, Lea Harrington, and W. Allan King Pluripotency: Capacity for In Vitro Differentiation of Undifferentiated Embryonic Stem Cells Cornelia Wiese, Gabriela Kania, Alexandra Rolletschek, Przemyslaw Blyszczuk, and Anna M. Wobus Staining Embryonic Stem Cells Using Monoclonal Antibodies to Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens Bruce A. Fenderson, Maria P. De Miguel, April D. Pyle, and Peter J. Donovan Analysis of the Nucleolar Compartment of the Nucleus as anIndicator of Nuclear Reprogramming After Nuclear Transfer Jacques-E. Fléchon Methylation-Sensitive Polymerase Chain Reaction Hannah R. Moore, Richard R. Meehan, and Lorraine E. Young Analysis of DNA Methylation Profiles in Preimplantation Embryos Using Bisulfite Mutagenesis Yong-Mahn Han, Seok-Ho Kim, and Yong-Kook Kang Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Mammalian Tissues Fiona B. Turner, Wang L. Cheung, and Peter Cheung Histone Modifications and Transcription Factor Binding on Chromatin: ChIP-PCR Assays Jaejoon Won and Tae Kook Kim In Vivo Genomic Footprinting Using LM-PCR Methods Hiromi Tagoh, Peter N. Cockerill, and Constanze Bonifer Analyzing Histone Modification Using Crosslinked Chromatin Treated With Micrococcal Nuclease Pascal Lefevre and Constanze Bonifer Index

Blurb

Although nuclear reprogramming-the cellular process underlying cloning and the artificial generation of stem cells from somatic cells-may be considered a "black box" whose interior events are either completely unknown or at least imperfectly characterized, tantalizing clues about its operation are beginning to emerge. In Nuclear Reprogramming: Methods and Protocols, hands-on laboratory scientists describe readily reproducible methods for actually performing nuclear reprogramming by nuclear transfer in several different species, by fusion induced both chemically and electrically, and by the in vivo treatment of cells with cell extracts. Isolation of an adult stem cell type is also described. In addition, several methods of monitoring nuclear reprogramming are presented, including the use of transgenic markers, activation of telomerase as an ES-specific marker, light and electron microscopic observation of structural changes in the nucleus, and the verification of surface marker expression and differentiation potential of stem cells. Biochemical methods are provided for the examination of chromatin protein modifications, nucleosomal footprinting, transcription factor binding, and the study of DNA methylation changes both at the specific locus level and at the level of the whole nucleus. The protocols follow the successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, each offering step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principles behind the technique, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Wide-ranging and highly practical, Nuclear Reprogramming: Methods and Protocols significantly expands the repertoire of methods available to perform, study, and understand nuclear programming, not only for cloning, but also for reprogramming somatic cells to stem cells.