Nuclear Fusion

ISBN-13: 9783319981703 / Angielski / Twarda / 2018 / 512 str.

Edward Morse

Opis

The pursuit of nuclear fusion as an energy source requires a broad knowledge of several disciplines. These include plasma physics, atomic physics, electromagnetics, materials science, computational modeling, superconducting magnet technology, accelerators, lasers, and radiation health physics. Nuclear Fusion distills and combines these disparate subjects to create a concise and coherent foundation to both fusion science and technology. It examines all aspects of physics and technology underlying the major magnetic and inertial confinement approaches to developing nuclear fusion energy. It further chronicles latest developments in the field, and reflects the multi-faceted nature of fusion research, preparing advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics and engineering to launch into successful and diverse fusion-related research. Nuclear Fusion reflects Dr. Morse's research in both magnetic and inertial confinement fusion, working with the world's top laboratories, and embodies his extensive thirty-five year career in teaching three courses in fusion plasma physics and fusion technology at University of California, Berkeley.

Spis treści

Chapter 1 Introduction

Fusion as an energy source

World energy supply and demand

Availability of fusion fuel

Risk factors for energy sources:

Comparative risks of fusion to other energy technologies

Prospects for a fusion energy technology

Historical background

Chapter 2 Fusion nuclear reactions

Cross sections and reactivity

Resonant and non-resonant fusion reactions

Reactivity models for maxwellian distributions

Reactivity in beam-maxwellian systems

Chapter 3 Energy gain and loss mechanisms in plasmas and reactors

Charged particle heating

Ohmic heating

External heating methods

Radiation loss:

Charge Exchange

Reactor energy balance

Lawson criterion and Q

Pulsed vs. steady state energy balance

Thermal conversion efficiency

Blankets

Chapter 4 Magnetic Confinement

MHD fluid equations

Pressure balance

Magnetic pressure concept and 

Z pinch: Bennett pinch theorem

Instabilities in Z pinch

Perhapsatron

Tokamak configuration

Grad-Shafranov equation

Numerical solutions

Effect of flow on equilibrium

Chapter 5 MHD instabilities 

Ideal MHD

Energy Principle

Interchange instability

Kink and sausage  instability

Wesson diagram for tokamak stability

Ballooning modes

Numerical solutions

Resistive MHD

Magnetic Islands

’ and Rutherford growth

Magnetic stochasticity

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Vlasov equation

Collision operators 

Braginskii transport equations

Timescale hierarchy for electrons and ions

Beam slowing down 

Chapter 7 Neoclassical effects

Pfirsch-Schluter regime

Trapped particles

Bootstrap current

Neoclassical tearing mode

ELMs and MARFEs

Chapter 8 Waves in plasma

Cold plasma dispersion relation: CMA diagram

Cutoffs and resonances

Warm plasma waves

WKB approximation

Ray tracing and accessibility

Laser-plasma interactions

Chapter 9 RF heating in magnetic fusion devices

Ion cyclotron heating: sources, antennas, transmission lines

Lower hybrid heating: sources, antennas, transmission lines

Electron cyclotron heating: sources, antennas, transmission linesIon Bernstein waves and high harmonic fast waves

RF current drive

Runaway electrons

Chapter 10 Neutral beam injection

Positive and negative ion sources

Neutralization efficiency

Child-Langmuir law

Beam optics calculations

High voltage breakdown issues

Chapter 11 Inertial confinement 

Direct vs. indirect drive

Lasers, optics, frequency doubling and tripling

Hohlraum design

Capsule hydrodynamics

Rayleigh-Taylor instability

Electron preheat and mix

Heavy ion drivers

Fast ignition

Numerical simulations

Chapter 12 Magnets

Superconductivity

Thermal stability

Stress calculations

Bending moments and torsional stability

Radiation damage

Chapter 13 Tritium

Health issues: HTO vs. HT

Sievert’s law and leakage calculations

H-D-T separation processes

Availability and cost

He-3 recovery

Chapter 14 Materials issues

First wall: MFE vs. IFE

Thermal shock and fatigue

Thermal stress calculations

Coolant compatibility

Plasma-wall interaction

Radiation damage: dpa cross sections and He production

Embrittlement, void swelling, and creep

Composite materials

Divertor and limiter design

Chapter 15 Vacuum systems

Cryogenics

Cryopumps

Scroll pumps

Conductance calculations

Transient response of vacuum systems

Chapter 16 Blankets

Li vs. LiPb vs. LiO 

Tritium removal

Fire safety

ressure

Fission hybrid decay heat issues

Chapter 17 Economics and Sustainability

The cost of money

Material availability

Plant lifetime consideration

Site licenses

Accident mitigation 

Is it “Green?”

O autorze

Dr. Edward Morse is Professor of Nuclear Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, where for over thirty-five years he has taught the department’s three senior undergraduate and graduate courses on fusion, plasma physics, and fusion technology. He has authored over 140 publications in the areas of plasma physics, mathematics, fusion technology, lasers, microwave sources, neutron imaging, plasma diagnostics, and homeland security applications. For several years he operated the largest fusion neutron source in the US.   Frequently consulted by the media to explain the underlying science and technology of nuclear energy policy and events, Dr. Morse is also a consultant and expert witness in applications of fusion neutrons to oil exploration.

Blurb

The pursuit of nuclear fusion as an energy source requires a broad knowledge of several disciplines. These include plasma physics, atomic physics, electromagnetics, materials science, computational modeling, superconducting magnet technology, accelerators, lasers, and health physics. Nuclear Fusion distills and combines these disparate subjects to create a concise and coherent foundation to both fusion science and technology. It examines all aspects of physics and technology underlying the major magnetic and inertial confinement approaches to developing nuclear fusion energy. It further chronicles latest developments in the field, and reflects the multi-faceted nature of fusion research, preparing advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics and engineering to launch into successful and diverse fusion-related research.

Nuclear Fusion reflects Dr. Morse’s research in both magnetic and inertial confinement fusion, working with the world’s top laboratories, and embodies his extensive thirty-five year career in teaching three courses in fusion plasma physics and fusion technology at University of California, Berkeley.

• Combines theory, experiments, and technology into a single teaching text and reference
  
• Written in a concise style, accessible to both physicists and engineers
  
• Presents computation on an equal footing with analytic theory
  
• Emphasizes the underlying basic science for all of the material presented
  

Dr. Edward Morse is Professor of Nuclear Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. He has authored over 140 publications in the areas of plasma physics, mathematics, fusion technology, lasers, microwave sources, neutron imaging, plasma diagnostics, and homeland security applications. For several years he operated the largest fusion neutron source in the US.   Frequently consulted by the media to explain the underlying science and technology of nuclear energy policy and events, Dr. Morse is also a consultant and expert witness in applications of fusion neutrons to oil exploration.