Novel Approaches for Bioremediation of Organic Pollution

ISBN-13: 9780306461026 / Angielski / Twarda / 1999 / 316 str.

Raffi Fass; Shaul Reuveny; Yehuda Flashner

Opis

Pollution of the environment with organic compounds, mostly due to industrial ac tivities, has become a major environmental issue. The situation is getting worse due to the continued release of large amounts of chemicals and the broadening of the spectrum of xenobiotics that to which the biosphere is exposed to. The field of biodegradation and bioremediation has experienced a dynamic and in tense period of development during the last few years, encompassing all its different disci plines: Isolation and characterization of new microorganisms with novel catabolic activities, understanding the specific enzymatic mechanisms underlying biodegradation, rational design of genetically engineered degrading microorganisms, and studying the in teraction of the degrading organism with biotic and abiotic components within the envi ronment to allow development of efficient bioremediation processes. nd This book, devoted to the proceedings of the 42 OHOLO Conference on "Novel Approaches for Bioremediation of Organic Pollution" which was held in Eilat, Israel, in May 1998, obviously does not cover the full range of bioremediation research. However, an attempt has been made to address the major issues in bioremediation of organic pollu tion. The four sessions of the conference covered a wide spectrum of topics, from the lab research-characterization of enzymes and pathways, genetic design of degradative mi croorganisms, to the field application issues-bioaccessibility, bioavailability, process de velopment and field studies.

Spis treści

Microbial Breakdown of Persistent Organic Pollutants: Pathways and Enzymes. 1. Chemical Studies of Carbon Tetrachloride Transformation by Pseudomonas Stutzeri Strain KC; T.A. Lewis, R.L. Crawford. 2. Microbial Transformation of Chiral Pollutants Mecoprop and Dichlorprop; H.-P.E. Kohler, et al. 3. The Use of Fungal Laccase for Oxidation of Phosphorothiolates; G. Amitai, et al. 4. MSA Monooxygenase: An Enzyme from Terrestrial and Marine Bacteria which Degrades the Natural Sulfonate Methanesulfonate; W. Reichenbecher, et al. 5. Bacterial Fluoranthene Degradation: Indication for a Novel Degradation Pathway; K. Rehmann, et al. 6. Strategies for the Aerobic Biodegradation of Dinitrotoluenes; S.F. Nishino, J.C. Spain. 7. The Degradation of Nitrate Ester Explosives and TNT by Enterobacter cloacae PB2; C.E. French, et al. 8. Cross Induction of 4-Nitrobenzoate and 4-Aminobenzoate Degradation by Burkholderia cepacia Strain PB4; C.M. Peres, et al. 9. Mineralization of Azo Dyes Under Integrated Anaerobic/Aerobic Conditions; N.C.G. Tan, et al. Genetic Design of Engineered Degradative Microorganisms. 1. Microbial Enzymes in Biodegradation; L.P. Wackett. 2. Engineering Hydrolases for the Conversion of Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons and Epoxides; D.B. Janssen, et al. 3. Ferredoxin-Mediated Reactivation of Catechol Dioxygenase Improves Aromatic Ring Cleavage in Pseudomonads; Y. Jouanneau, et al. 4. Directed Evolution of a Bacterial Pesticides Degrading Enzyme; Y. Flashner, et al. 5. Prokaryotic Whole-Cell Living Bioreporters Expressing Bioluminescence upon the Presence of Bioavailable Concentrations of Specific Pollutants: An Overview; M.C.M. Jaspers, et al. 6. Active Biological Containment for Bioremediation in the Rhizosphere; C. Ramos, et al. Bioaccessibility - Microbial Colonization and Availability of Substrates and Nutrients. 1. Bioremediation of High Molecular Weight PAHs. Application of Techniques in Bioaugmentation and Bioavailability Enhancement; P.H. Pritchard, et al. 2. Role of Acinetobacter Bioemulsans in Petroleum Degradation; E. Rosenberg, et al. 3. Bacterial Monitoring of a Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil Undergoing Laboratory-Scale Bioremediation; P. Wattiau, et al. 4. Bioavailability of 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) for Dechlorination by an Anaerobic Microbial Consortium, in the Presence of Dissolved Organic Carbon: Preliminary Results; M. Toussaint, et al. 5. Biotic and Abiotic Factors Involved in Bioavailability of Pollutants ; Y. Henis. 6. Biodegradation of Organic Pollution Involving Soil Iron (III) Solubilized by Bacterial Siderophores as an Electron Acceptor: Possibilities and Perspectives; A.A. Kamenev, et al. 7. 13C/12C Stable Isotope Fractionation of Toluene by Anaerobic Degradation. A New Method to Monitor Biological Degradation In Situ; R.U. Meckenstock, et al. 8. Biodegradation of Atrazine in Contaminated Sub-Soil and Wastewater by Whole Cells of Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP and by the Enzyme Atrazine Chlorohydrolase; R.T. Mandelbaum, et al. Process Development and Field Studies. 1. Field Application of a Genetically Engineered Microorganism for Polycyclic Aromat