Nondestructive Characterization of Materials II

ISBN-13: 9781468453409 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 804 str.

Jean F. Bussiere; Jean-Pierre Monchalin; Clayton O. Ruud

Opis

The possibility of nondestructively characterizing the microstruc ture, morphology or mechanical properties of materials is certainly a fascinating subject. In principle, such techniques can be used at all stages of a material's life - from the early stages of processing, to the end of a structural component's useful life. Interest in the subject thus arises not only from a purely scientific point of view but is also strongly motivated by economic pressures to improve productivity and quality in manufacturing, to insure the reliability and extend the life of existing structures. The present volume represents the edited papers presented at the Second International Symposium on the Nondestructive Characterization of Materials, held in Montreal, Canada, July 21-23, 1986. The Proceedings are divided into eight sections, which reflect the multidisciplinary nature of characterizing materials nondestructively: Polymers and Composites, Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy, Metals, Layered Structures/Adhesive Bonds/Welding, Degradation/Aging, Texture/ Anisotropy, Stress, and New Techniques. Invited papers by R. Hadcock of Grumman Aircraft Systems, R. Cannon of Rutgers University, H. Yada of Nippon Steel and R. Bridenbaugh of Alcoa review respectively the processing of polymer matrix composites, ceramics, steel and aluminum, emphasizing the need for material property sensors to improve process and quality control. Two other invited papers, one by A. Wedgwood of Harwell and the other by P. Holler of the IzFP in Saarbrucken review state of the art techniques to characterize particulate matter and metals respectively."

Spis treści

I — Polymers and Composites.- Process Controls and Nondestructive Evaluation of Structural Composites. (Invited).- In-Process Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation.- Nondestructive Characterization of Kevlar Composites Using Pulsed NMR.- Cure Monitoring of Composite Structure Using Mechanical Impedance Analysis (MIA).- Ultrasonic Characterization of Polymers in their Evolution from Solid to Liquid State.- Polar Characteristics of the Group and Phase Velocities of Lamb Waves in Graphite/Epoxy Composite.- Development of a Comprehensive Approach for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Carbon-Epoxy Composites.- Application of the Ultrasonic Approach to the Characterization of Composites: A Method for the Determination of Density in Polyethylene.- NDE Composite Laminates by Leaky Lamb Waves and a Bubbler.- Characterization of Isotropic Composites Containing Inclusions of Specified Shapes by use of Ultrasonics in the Long Wavelength Limit.- Characterization of Composite and Adhesive Cure by Ultrasonic Waves.- II — Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy.- Origin of Flaws from Ceramic Processing (Invited).- Development of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques for Characterization Green-State Ceramic Materials.- Ultrasonic Evaluation of Spray-Dried Ceramic Powders During Compaction.- Ultrasonic Characterization of the Consolidation of Rapidly Solidified Powders: Application to Type 304 Stainless Steel.- Ultrasonic Scattering from Voids and Inclusions in Model Polycrystalline Ceramics.- Beam-Hardening Correction Methods for Polychromatic X-Ray CT Scanners Used to Characterize Structural Ceramics.- III — Metals.- Material Characterization for Process Control (Invited).- Important Metallurgical Parameters that must be Determined to Control the Properties of Steels During Processing (Invited).- Nondestructive Analysis of Structure and Stresses by Ultrasonic and Micromagnetic Methods (Invited).- A View of the Need and Technologies for In-process Materials Property Evaluation.- Determination of Subsurface Microstructure States by Micromagnetic ND-Techniques.- Detection of Coarse Grains by Nondestructive Magnetic Methods.- Ultrasonic Determination of Fracture Toughness.- Correlation Between Ultrasonic Attenuation and Fracture Toughness of Steels.- A Method to Calculate the Resistivity of Strip Cast 3000 Series AL Alloys Based on their Nominal Solute Content.- Ultrasonic Characterization of Candidate Nuclear Used Fuel Container Weld Materials.- Magnetoelastic Contribution to Ultrasonic Attenuation in Structural Steels.- Cyclic Plasticity of Pure AL Followed by Continuous Acoustic Emission Measurement.- Application of DTA to the Analysis of the Residual Austenite Transformation During Tempering.- The Dilatometric Method of Determining the Amount of Carbon Precipitated During Martensite Tempering.- Analysis of Elevated Temperature Properties of Heat Resistant Materials by Internal Friction Method.- A New Procedure for the Rapid Determination of Yield and Tensile Strength from Hardness Tests.- Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials Studied by Internal Friction.- IV — Layered Structures/Adhesive Bonds/Welding.- Characterization of Thin Film and Layered Structure by Pulsed Photothermal Radiometry.- Eddy Current Sizing of Case Depth in Bearing Components.- The Nondestructive Determination of Hardening Depths Using Ultrasonic Surface Waves.- The Characterization of Depth Profiles of Thin Films and Interfaces by Nuclear Scattering Techniques.- Nondestructive High Resolution Measurement of Polarization and Spatial Charge Distribution in Thin Dielectric Films.- Nondestructive Characterization of Thin Adhesive Bonds.- Interferometric Optical Fiber Measurements of Internal Strain in Adhesive Joints.- Automated Welding Process Sensing and Control.- Ultrasonic Characterization of Spot Welds.- V — Degradation/Aging.- An NDE System for the Detection of High-Temperature Rotors.- Nondestructive Degradation Evaluation of Ferritic Steels for High-Temperature Applications.- NDE of Creep Damage in Service Exposed 14MoV63 Steel.- A Novel Method to Measure Sensitivity to Aging in Steel Sheets.- Investigations of Creep Damage in Incoloy 800 H Using Ultrasonic Velocity Measurements.- Detection of Heat Treat Defects and Grinding Burns with Barkhausen Noise Techniques.- Internal Stress Evolution by Ultrasonic Attenuation Measurements During Low-Temperature Creep in 5N Aluminum.- ND Determination of Grinding Defects Using the 3MA Prototype Device.- Evaluation of Cables Aging by Water Extraction of Soluble Ions.- VI — Texture/Anisotropy.- Application of Polarized Shear Waves to Evaluate Anisotropy of Steel Sheets.- Correlation Between Elastic and Plastic Anisotropy in Rolled Metal Plates.- Ultrasonic Texture Analysis for Polycrystalline Aggregates of Cubic Materials Displaying Orthotropic Symmetry.- Ultrasonic Measurements on Textured Materials.- Inference of Crystallite Orientation Distribution Function from the Velocities of Ultrasonic Plate.- Application of Neutron Tomography to Nondestructive Texture Gradient Analysis.- Magnetostriction in Steel as a Function of Texture and Strain.- VII — Stress.- Magnetization and Stress Effects in Steel.- Evaluation of Surface Layer Residual Stresses and Lattice Distortions in Ion Implanted Materials by X-Ray Diffraction.- Effects of Grain Size and Cooling Rate on Magnetoacoustic Stress Measurement in AISI4140 Steel.- In-situ Stress Measurements with Canmet Portable X-Ray Stress Diffractometer.- Axial Strains at a Girth Weld in a 914 MM Line Pipe.- Measurement of Stress in Steels using Magnetically induced Velocity Changes for Ultrasonic Waves.- VIII — New Techniques.- Some Optical Methods of Characterization Solid and Particulate Materials During Manufacturing Processes (Invited).- Novel Nondestructive X-Ray Technique for Near-Real Time Defect Mapping.- The Trace Element Analysis Facility at the University of Montreal.- Effect of Cavities of Ultrasonic Attenuation and Velocity in Polycrystalline Materials.- Spatial Averaging in Porosity Assessment by Ultrasonic Attenuation Spectroscopy.- Indications of Material Character from the Behavior of Diffuse Ultrasonic Fields.- Coupling Film Thickness Effect on Absolute Ultrasonic Velocity Measurement in Solids.- Point Source/Point Receiver Materials Testing.- Laser-Ultrasonic Determination of Elastic Constants at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures.- Laser/EMAT Systems for the Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum.- Optics-Based Techniques for the Characterization of Composites and Ceramics.- Mechanical Characterization of Paper by Laser Speckle Interferometry.- Joint Fourier Transform Correlation for Phase Objects Recognition.- Intrinsic Sensitivity Limitations in Classical Interferometers.- Influence of 3-D Effects on the Contrast in NDE by Photothermal Methods.- Thermal Wave Imaging for Materials Characterization.- Authors Index.