1. The framework; 2. The preconditions of a NIAC; 3. Thresholds and interaction of armed conflicts; 4. Fighters, civilians and ioniac; 5. Foreign intervention in a NIAC; 6. Recognition; 7. State responsibility; 8. The principal ioniac treaty provisions; 9. Additional treaty texts; 10. NIAC war crimes; 11. Loniac customary international law; 12. Loniac and human rights law; Conclusions.