Newly Characterized Protist and Invertebrate Viruses

ISBN-13: 9781468427264 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 344 str.

Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat

Opis

The time seems ripe for a critical compendium of that segment of the biological universe we call viruses. Virology, as a science, having passed only recently through its descriptive phase of naming and num bering, has probably reached that stage at which relatively few new truly new-viruses will be discovered. Triggered by the intellectual probes and techniques of molecular biology, genetics, biochemical cytology, and high resolution microscopy and spectroscopy, the field has experienced a genuine information explosion. Few serious attempts have been made to chronicle these events. This comprehensive series, which will comprise some 6000 pages in a total of about 18 volumes, represents a commitment by a large group of active investigators to analyze, digest, and expostulate on the great mass of data relating to viruses, much of which is now amorphous and disjointed, and scattered throughout a wide literature. In this way, we hope to place the entire field in perspective, and to develop an invalu able reference and sourcebook for researchers and students at all levels. This series i designed as a continuum that can be entered anywhere, but which also provides a logical progression of developing facts and integrated concepts."

Spis treści

1 Viruses of Invertebrates.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Groups of Viruses Found in Invertebrates.- 2.1. Nuclear Polyhedrosis and Granulosis Viruses.- 2.2. Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Viruses.- 2.3. Poxviruses.- 2.4. Iridescent Viruses.- 2.5. Small Isometric Viruses.- 2.6. Sigma Virus of Drosophila.- 2.7. Other Possible Viruses of Invertebrates.- 3. The Mechanism and Pathways of Infection.- 3.1. Routes of Entry.- 3.2. Attachment and Early Infection.- 3.3. Possible Mechanisms of Resistance to Infection.- 4. Virus Replication.- 4.1. Assay and Growth Kinetics.- 4.2. Histopathological and Biochemical Events.- 5. Ecology and Epizootiology of the Virus Diseases.- 5.1. Movement and Spread of Virus.- 5.2. Occurrence of Natural Antibodies to Invertebrate Viruses in Domestic and Wild Animals.- 5.3. Insect Viruses as Pesticidal Agents.- 6. References.- 2 Viruses in Fungi.- 1. Introduction.- 2. History.- 2.1. Early Observations.- 2.2. Discovery of Mycoviruses.- 3. Physicochemical Properties.- 3.1. Agaricus bisporus Viruses.- 3.2. Aspergillus foetidus Viruses.- 3.3. Penicillium chrysogenum Virus.- 3.4. Penicillium stoloniferum Viruses.- 3.5. Other Viruses.- 4. Biological Aspects.- 4.1. Infectivity and Transmission.- 4.2. Virulence and Pathogenicity.- 4.3. Fungal Metabolites.- 4.4. Interferon Induction.- 4.5. Killer Systems.- 4.6. Conditional Lysis.- 5. Ultrastructure and Intracellular Features.- 5.1. Morphological Diversity.- 5.2. Agaricus bisporus Viruses.- 5.3. Penicillium Viruses.- 5.4. Thraustochytrium Virus.- 6. Replication.- 6.1. RNA Polymerase.- 6.2. A Model.- 7. Alien Viruses Associated with Fungi.- 7.1. Animal Viruses.- 7.2. Bacteriophages.- 7.3. Plant Viruses.- 8. Concluding Remarks.- 9. References.- 3 Cyanophages and Viruses of Eukaryotic Algae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Properties of Cyanophages.- 2.1. Classification, Typology, and Host Range.- 2.2. Morphology.- 2.3. Physical Characteristics.- 3. Replication of Cyanophages in a Unicellular Host.- 3.1. Cyanophage Growth.- 3.2. Ultrastructure of Infection.- 3.3. Assembly of AS1-M.- 3.4. Protein Synthesis in AS1-M Infection.- 3.5. DNA Synthesis in AS1-M Infection.- 3.6. The AS1-M Replication Cycle.- 4. Replication of Cyanophages in a Filamentous Host.- 4.1. Ultrastructure of Infection.- 4.2. Protein Synthesis in LPP-1 Infection.- 4.3. DNA Synthesis.- 4.4. Life Cycle of LPP-1.- 5. Cyanophage Replication and Host Metabolism.- 5.1. Cellular Metabolism and Phage Development in the Filamentous Blue-Green Algae.- 5.2. Cellular Metabolism and Phage Development in the Unicellular Blue-Green Algae.- 6. Cyanophage LPP-2SPI and Lysogeny in the Filamentous Blue-Green Algae.- 6.1. Lysogeny in Plectonema boryanum by LPP-2SPI.- 6.2. Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of LPP-2SPI.- 7. Eukaryotic Algal Viruses.- 8. Conclusions.- 9. References.- 4 Viruses of Fungi Capable of Replication in Bacteria (PB Viruses).- 1. Discovery.- 2. Detection.- 2.1. Test Systems.- 2.2. Conditions for Detection of PB Viruses.- 3. Purification and Properties of PB Viruses.- 4. The Fungal Host.- 4.1. The Possibility of Bacterial Contamination.- 4.2. The Presence of PBV Genomes in Fungal DNA.- 4.3. Fungus as the Object of Infection by PB Viruses.- 4.4. Induction of PBV Proviruses in Penicillium chrysogenum Mycelium.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- 6. References.- 5 Bacteriophages That Contain Lipid.- 1. Introduction.- 2. PM2.- 2.1. Virus Characterization.- 2.2. Structure of PM2.- 2.3. Reconstitution of PM2.- 2.4. Biogenesis of PM2.- 2.5. Origin of Viral Lipids.- 3. PR3, PR4, and PRD1.- 4. Bacteriophage ?6.- 4.1. Virus Characterization.- 4.2. Genetics of ?6.- 4.3. Synthesis of ?6 Proteins.- 4.4. Nonsense Mutants of ?6.- 4.5. Identification of the Nonsense Classes.- 4.6. Viral RNA Synthesis.- 4.7. Particles Formed by Nonsense Mutants.- 5. Summary and Conclusions.- 6. References.