Neuronal Operations in the Vestibular System

ISBN-13: 9783540085492 / Angielski / Miękka / 1978 / 228 str.

W. Precht

Opis

The original intent of the series Studies of Brain Function was to offer a forum to neurobiologists working in different fields to present some of their recent results in a more extensive way. What may have been or might be published in several papers appearing in different journals will thus be com bined in one monograph, thus making the data more easily available to a wider scientific community. It is also believed that such an attempt will provide a more comprehensive insight into one particular field of neurobiol ogy. Admittedly, the monograph will represent a more subjective view than that provided by a classical review article. In this monograph I am going to describe a major aspect of my research, i.e., the central processing of information arising from the receptors in the semicircular canals and otoliths of the inner ear. I shall restrict this report to those systems that are concerned with the vestibuloocular transmission, since they offer particular opportunity to study sensory-motor integration."

Spis treści

1 Introduction.- 2 Primary Vestibular Neurons.- 2.1 Semicircular Canal Afferents.- 2.1.1 Qualitative Response Characteristics.- 2.1.2 Quantitative Response Characteristics.- 2.1.2.1 Responses to Acceleration and Velocity Steps.- 2.1.2.2 Response to Sinusoidal Rotation.- 2.2 Otolithic Afferents.- 2.2.1 Response Characteristics of Unidentified Otolithic Afferents.- 2.2.2 Responses Characteristics of Afferents from the Lagena.- 2.3 Efferent System to Vestibular Receptors.- 2.3.1 Responses to Natural Stimulation.- 2.3.2 Responses to Electrical Stimulation.- 2.3.3 Mode of Action of Efferent Fibers.- 2.3.4 Functional Meaning of the Efferent System.- 3 Central Vestibular Neurons.- 3.1 Functional Synaptology of the Vestibular Input to the Vestibular Nuclei.- 3.1.1 Responses to Electrical Stimulation in Frog.- 3.1.2 Responses to Electrical Stimulation in Cat.- 3.2 Responses of Central Vestibular Neurons to Natural Stimulation.- 3.2.1 Semicircular Canal Responses.- 3.2.1.1 Qualitative Response Characteristics.- 3.2.1.2 Quantitative Response Characteristics.- 3.2.2 Otolithic Responses.- 3.3 Central Interaction Between Bilateral Vestibular Inputs.- 3.3.1 Field Potentials.- 3.3.2 Excitation of Neurons from the Contralateral Labyrinth.- 3.3.3 Inhibition of Neurons from the Contralateral Labyrinth.- 3.3.4 Pharmacology of Commissural Inhibition.- 3.3.5 Functional Importance of Crossed Inhibition.- 4 Vestibulocerebellar Relationship.- 4.1 Inputs to Vestibulocerebellum.- 4.1.1 Functional Synaptology of Vestibular Input.- 4.1.2 Responses of Purkinje Cells to Natural Vestibular Stimulation.- 4.1.2.1 Responses to Acceleration and Velocity Steps.- 4.1.2.2 Responses to Horizontal Sinusoidal Stimulation.- 4.1.2.3 Receptor Convergence.- 4.1.3 Visual Input and Vestibular-Visual Convergence.- 4.1.4 Saccadic Modulation of Neurons in the Vestibulocerebellum.- 4.2 Vestibular and Proprioceptive Inputs to Anterior and Posterior Vermis.- 4.2.1 Functional Synaptology of Vestibular Input.- 4.2.2 Responses to Natural Vestibular Stimulation.- 4.2.3 Convergence of Vestibular, Neck and Extraocular Proprioceptive Inputs.- 4.3 Cerebellar Effects on Brain Stem Neurons.- 4.3.1 Effects of Flocculus and Nodulus/Uvula on Vestibular Nuclei.- 4.3.2 Anterior and Posterior Lobe Influences on Vestibular Nuclei.- 4.3.3 Functional Meaning of Vestibulocerebellar Interactions.- 5 Vestibuloocular Relationship.- 5.1 Electrophysiological Properties of Ocular Motoneurons.- 5.2 Functional Synaptology of Vestibuloocular Transmission.- 5.2.1 The Three-Neuronal Arc.- 5.2.2 Polysynaptic Vestibuloocular Projection in the Brain Stem.- 5.3 Morphological Aspects of Vestibular Input to Motoneurons.- 5.4 Pharmacology of the Inhibitory Vestibuloocular Reflex.- 5.5 Ionic Mechanisms of Inhibition of Ocular Motoneurons.- 5.6 Responses of Ocular Motoneurons to Natural Stimulation of the Labyrinth.- 5.6.1 Responses to Constant Horizontal Angular Acceleration.- 5.6.2 Responses to Sinusoidal Stimulation.- 5.7 Responses of Premotor Reticular Neurons to Rotation.- References.