I. Surgical and Medical Considerations 1. Preoperative Evaluation and Optimization 2. Nonoperative Management 3. Surgical Indications in Neuromuscular Scoliosis 4. Intraoperative Issues: Anesthesia, Neuromonitoring, Estimated Blood Loss 5. Unique Challenges with Scoliosis and Dislocated Hips 6. Predicting Complications: When to Operate or Not II. Diagnosis Specific 7. Scoliosis in Cerebral Palsy 8. Surgical Treatment of Spinal Deformity in Myelomeningocele 9. The Patient with Spinal Cord Injury: Surgical Considerations 10. The Spine in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 11. Spinal Muscular Atrophy 12. Other Neuromuscular Conditions: Rett Syndrome, Charcot Marie Tooth Disease, and Friedreich's Ataxia 13. Neurosurgical Causes of Scoliosis 14. Sagittal Plane Spinal Deformity in Patients with Neuromuscular Disease 15. Spinal Deformity Associated with Neurodegenerative Disease in Adults III. Surgical Techniques 16. Sacropelvic Fixation Techniques 17. Comparison of Unit Rods with Modular Constructs in Cerebral Palsy 18. Halo-Gravity Traction: An Adjunctive Treatment for Severe Spinal Deformity 19. Osteotomies: Ponte and Vertebral Column Resection 20. Growing Spine Options for Neuromuscular Scoliosis 21. Anterior Approaches to the Spine for Neuromuscular Spinal Deformity IV. Postoperative Management and Complications 22. Incidence of Major Complications in Surgery for Neuromuscular Spine Deformity 23. Management of Early and Late Infection 24. Postoperative Intensive Care Unit Management 25. Reoperations: Instrumentation Failure, Junctional Kyphosis, and Cervical Extension 26. Health-Related Quality of Life in Neuromuscular Scoliosis 27. Baclofen Pump: Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative Management