1. The Classification of Depression: Embracing Phenotypic Heterogeneity in the Era of the RDoC Elizabeth D. Ballard, Ioline D. Henter and Carlos A. Zarate, Jr. 2. The Role of Environmental and Psychosocial Factors in Depression Gordon Parker 3. Gene-Environment Interactions and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Depression Magdalene C. Jawahar, Catherine G. Toben and Bernhard T. Baune 4. Pathophysiology of Cognitive Impairment in Depression Christopher R. Bowie, Melissa Milanovic and Tanya Tran 5. Anhedonia in Depression: Mechanisms, Assessment, and Therapeutics Theodore P. Beauchaine, Daniel N. Klein, Erin Knapton and Aimee Zisner 6. The Neurotrophic Hypothesis of Depression Revisited: New Insights and Therapeutic Implications Minal Jaggar, Sashaina E. Fanibunda, Shreya Ghosh, Ronald S. Duman and Vidita A. Vaidya 8. Neuro-Immune Interactions in Depression: Mechanisms and Translational Implications Helena M. Abelaira, Ritele H. Silva, Anelise S. Carlessi, João Quevedo and Gislaine Z. Réus 9. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Depression: Molecular Regulation, Pathophysiological Role, and Translational Implications Theo Rein, Oliver Ambrée, Gabriel R. Fries, Virginie Rappeneau, Ulrike Schmidt and Chadi Touma 10. Intracellular Signaling Pathways Implicated in the Pathophysiology of Depression Gislaine Z. Réus, Jaqueline S. Generoso, Ana Lúcia S. Rodrigues and João Quevedo 11. The Long-Lasting Neurobiological Scars of Early-Life Stress: Implications for the Neurobiology of Depression Mousa Botros, Gabrielle Hodgins and Charles B. Nemeroff 12. Molecular, Cellular, and Circuit Basis of Depression Susceptibility and Resilience Ming-Hu Han, Scott J. Russo and Eric J. Nestler 13. More Than a Gut Feeling: Emerging Roles of the Microbiome in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Depression Jane A. Foster 14. Optogenetics: Illuminating the Neural Circuits of Depression Muir J. and Bagot R.C. 15. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress: Relevance to the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Depression Adrian L. Lopresti 16. Obesity and Depression: Shared Pathophysiology and Translational Implications Lison Huet, Ines Delgado, Bruno Aouizerate, Nathalie Castanon and Lucile Capuron 17. Depression and Cardiovascular Risk: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Implications Jessica Hatch and Benjamin I. Goldstein 18. Poststroke Depression: Pathophysiology and Treatment Strategies Yun-Ju Lai and Louise D. McCullough 19. Is Depression Associated With Accelerated Aging? Mechanisms and Implications Daniel Lindqvist, Naomi M. Simon and Owen M. Wolkowitz 20. Relationship Between Complicated Grief and Depression: Relevance, Etiological Mechanisms, and Implications Nicole J. LeBlanc, Naomi M. Simon, Charles F. Reynolds, III, M. Katherine Shear, Natalia Skritskaya and Sidney Zisook 21. A Neural Circuit-Based Model for Depression Anchored in a Synthesis of Insights From Functional Neuroimaging Andrea N. Goldstein-Piekarski and Leanne M. Williams 22. Could Depression be Preventable? Evidence and Perspectives Scott B. Patten 23. Treating Depression in the Era of Precision Medicine: Challenges and Perspectives Michael Musker and Ma-Li Wong 24. Neurobiological Aspects of Functional Recovery in Major Depressive Disorder Trisha Chakrabarty, David Sarfati and Raymond W. Lam 25. Diet and Depression: From Epidemiology to Novel Therapeutics Wolfgang Marx, Erin Hoare and Felice Jacka 26. Physical Activity and Exercise as a Treatment of Depression: Evidence and Neurobiological Mechanism Brendon Stubbs and Felipe Schuch 27. Antidepressants and Suicidality- Controversies and Possible Mechanisms Josef Witt-Doerring and Sanjay Mathew 28. Altered GABAergic Function, Cortical Microcircuitry, and Information Processing in Depression Dwight F. Newton, Corey Fee, Yuliya S. Nikolova and Etienne Sibille 29. Biomarker-Based Treatment Selection: A Precision Medicine Approach for Depression Jennifer L. Furman and Madhukar H. Trivedi 30. Implications of Pharmacogenomics in Depression Pathophysiology and Treatment Forbes M.P., Jaksa P., Eyre H.A. and Bousman C. 31. Novel Neuromodulatory Approaches for Depression: Neurobiological Mechanisms Lucia Bulubas, Eva Mezger, Daniel Keeser, Frank Padberg and Andre R. Brunoni 32. Electroconvulsive Therapy for Depression: Neurobiological Mechanisms Peter Mulders, Stevie Jaarsveld, Indira Tendolkar and Philip van Eijndhoven 33. Deep Brain Stimulation: Mechanisms Underpinning Antidepressant Effects Sonia Torres-Sanchez, Laura Perez-Caballero and Esther Berrocoso 34. Novel Therapeutic Targets for Major Depressive Disorder Max A. Lazar and Roger S. McIntyre 35. The Search for Rapid Acting Antidepressants: Research Synthesis and Perspectives Gerard Sanacora, Brandon M. Kitay and Samuel T. Wilkinson 36. Pediatric Depression Frances Rice and Naomi Warne 37. Depression in Women Molly M. Hyer and Gretchen N. Neigh 38. Advances in the Neurobiology of Late-Life Depression Breno Satler Diniz and Antonio Lucio Teixeira