Neural Mechanisms of Conditioning

ISBN-13: 9781461292517 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 512 str.

D. L. Alkon; C. D. Woody

Opis

This is the second volume to be based on a series of symposia being held periodically on the neurobiology of conditioning. The first, entitled Conditioning: Representation of Involved Neural Functions was based on a symposium held in Asilomar, Cali fornia, in October 1982 (Woody, 1982). The present volume is based on a sym posium, organized by D. Alkon and C. Woody, held at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts in November 1983. This series of sym posia and their publication are more than justified by the extraordinary progress be ing made during recent years in all branches of neuroscience and its application to our understanding of some of the basic neuronal mechanisms of conditioning and learning. Invertebrate models of conditioning have been used by many in the attempt to obtain a more thoroughly controlled analysis at the single cellular and synaptic level of the mechanisms involved in elementary conditioning in a simple nervous system. Examples of this approach are presented in this volume and utilize insects (grasshopper), crustacea (crayfish), and particularly the relatively simple nervous systems of mollusks (Aplysia and Hermissenda). In such preparations it is possible to carry out precise electrophysiological and neurochemical studies of single iden tified cells and synapses involved in such simple processes as habituation and sensitization, as well as simple forms of "associative" conditioning, usually using simple aversive or withdrawal reflexes."

Spis treści

I—Invertebrate Models.- 1. Changes of Membrane Currents and Calcium-Dependent Phosphorylation during Associative Learning.- 2. Cellular Mechanisms of Causal Detection in a Mollusk.- 3. Analysis of Associative and Nonassociative Neuronal Modifications in Aplysia Sensory Neurons.- 4. Mapping the Learning Engram in a “Model” System, the Mollusk Pleurohranchaea californica.- 5. Recent Progress in Some Invertebrate Learning Systems.- II—Vertebrate Models.- 6. Cellular Basis of Classical Conditioning Mediated by the Red Nucleus in the Cat.- 7. Dendritic Spine Structure and Function.- 8. Rapid Conditioning of an Eye Blink Reflex in Cats.- 9. Neuronal Mechanisms Underlying Plastic Postural Changes in Decerebrate, Reflexively Standing Cats.- 10. Recovery of Motor Skill Following Deprivation of Direct Sensory Input to the Motor Cortex in the Monkey.- 11. Motoneuronal Control of Eye Retraction/Nictitating Membrane Extension in Rabbit.- 12. Two Model Systems.- 13. How Can the Cerebellar Neuronal Network Mediate a Classically Conditioned Reflex?.- 14. Mnemonic Interaction between and within Cerebral Hemispheres in Macaques.- 15. Passive Avoidance Training in the Chick: A Model for the Analysis of the Cell Biology of Memory Storage.- III—Membrane Physiology.- 16. Role of Calcium Ions in Learning.- 17. Calcium-Dependent Regulation of Calcium Channel Inactivation.- 18. Calcium Action Potential Induction in a “Nonexcitable” Motor Neuron Cell Body: A Study with Arsenazo III.- 19. Persistent Changes in Excitability and Input Resistance of Cortical Neurons in the Rat.- 20. A Critique of Modeling Population Responses for Mammalian Central Neurons.- 21. Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells: Ionic Conductance and Synaptic Interactions.- 22. Mechanisms Underlying Long-Term Potentiation.- 23. Modifiability of Single Identified Neurons in Crustaceans.- 24. Acetylcholinesterase and Synaptic Efficacy.- 25. Segregation of Synaptic Function on Excitable Cells.- IV—Biochemistry.- 26. Phosphorylation of Membrane Proteins in Excitable Cells and Changes in Membrane Properties: Experimental Paradigms and Interpretations, a Biochemist’s View.- 27. Calcium- and Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase: Role in Memory.- 28. Regulation of Neuronal Activity by Protein Phosphorylation.- 29. The Control of Long-Lasting Changes in Membrane Excitability by Protein Phosphorylation in Peptidergic Neurons.- 30. Protein Phosphorylation, K+ Conductances, Associative Learning in Hermissenda.- 31. The Role of Brain Extracellular Proteins in Learning and Memory.