Part I Introduction to Navigation and Robotics 1 Principles of Navigated Pedicle Screw Placement 2 Three-Dimensional Computer Assisted Navigation Platforms 3 Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spine Surgery: A Versatile and Useful Adjunct 4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Navigation 5 Shared Control Robotics 6 Telesurgical Robots 7 Surpervisory-Controlled Robotics 8 Radiation Exposure and Navigated Spinal Surgery Part II Techniques for Navigation-Assisted Spine Surgery 9 Outcomes in Navigated Spinal Surgery 10 Navigated Subaxial Cervical Spine Pedicle Screw Instrumentation 11 Navigated Anterior Transoral Surgery for C1 and C2 Pathologies 12 Navigated Posterior Correction of Pediatric Scoliosis 13 Navigated Posterior Instrumentation of the Arthrodesed Spine 14 Navigated Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion 15 Robotic Instrumentation for Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis 16 The Role of Navigation in the Resection of Primary Spinal Tumor 17 Surgical Management of Thoracolumbar Spinal Metastases Using Navigation 18 Navigated Pelvic Fixation 19 Navigated Sacroiliac Joint Fusion 20 Navigation Balloon Kyphoplasty Part III Techniques for Robotic-Assisted Spine Surgery 21 Outcomes in Robotic Spinal Surgery 22 Robotic Subaxial Cervical Spine Pedicle Screw Instrumentation 23 Navigated and Robotic Anterior Odontoid Peg Fracture Fixation 24 Navigated and Robotic Posterior Atlantoaxial Fusion 25 Robotic Posterior Thoracic Pedicle Screw Placement 26 Robotic Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion 27 Robotic Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Part IV Techniques Using Alternative Modalities for Complex Spine Pathology 28 Intraoperative Ultrasound-Guided Intradural Tumor Resection 29 Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Treatment of Primary and Metastatic Spinal Tumors Part V Easing the Transition to Technological Adoption 30 Operating Room Design and Efficiency 31 Mounting the Learning Curve with New Technologies Part VI Future Directions 32 Artificial Intelligence 33 What We Can Learn from Other Industries 34 Future Growth in Navigated and Robotic Spinal Surgery