Natural Products: Discourse, Diversity, and Design

ISBN-13: 9781118298060 / Angielski / Twarda / 2014 / 552 str.

Osbourn, Anne

Opis

Natural Products: Discourse, Diversity and Design provides an informative and accessible overview of discoveries in the area of natural products in the genomic era, bringing together advances across the kingdoms. As genomics data makes it increasingly clear that the genomes of microbes and plants contain far more genes for natural product synthesis than had been predicted from the numbers of previously identified metabolites, the potential of these organisms to synthesize diverse natural products is likely to be far greater than previously envisaged. Natural Products addresses not only the philosophical questions of the natural role of these metabolites, but also the evolution of single and multiple pathways, and how these pathways and products may be harnessed to aid discovery of new bioactives and modes of action. Edited by recognized leaders in the fields of plant and microbial biology, bioorganic chemistry and natural products chemistry, and with contributions from researchers at top labs around the world, Natural Products is unprecedented in its combination of disciplines and the breadth of its coverage. Natural Produces: Discourse, Diversity and Design will appeal to advanced students and experienced researchers, from academia to industry, in diverse areas including ecology, industrial biotechnology, drug discovery, medicinal chemistry, agronomy, crop improvement, and natural product chemistry.

Spis treści

Contributors ix

SECTION I NATURAL PRODUCTS IN THE NATURAL WORLD 1

Part 1 Role and Reason 3

1 The Role of Phytochemicals in Relationships of Plants with Other Organisms 5
Pawe³ Bednarek

2 Designer Microbial Ecosystems Toward Biosynthesis with Engineered Microbial Consortia 23
David M. Babson, Mark Held, and Claudia Schmidt–Dannert

3 Marine Natural Products Chemical Defense/Chemical Communication in Sponges and Corals 39
Elodie Qu´evrain, Isabelle Domart–Coulon, and Marie–Lise Bourguet–Kondracki

Part 2 Self–Protection Avoiding Autotoxicity 67

4 How Plants Avoid the Toxicity of Self–Produced Defense Bioactive Compounds 69
Supaart Sirikantaramas, Mami Yamazaki, and Kazuki Saito

Part 3 Fishing and Pharming 83

5 Marine Bioprospecting 85
Amanda M. Fenner and William H. Gerwick

6 Myxobacteria: Chemical Diversity and Screening Strategies 103
Alberto Plaza and Rolf M¨uller

7 Fungal Endophytes of Grasses and Morning Glories, and Their Bioprotective Alkaloids 125
Christopher L. Schardl, Li Chen, and Carolyn A. Young

8 Fungal–Actinomycete Interactions Wakening of Silent Fungal Secondary Metabolism Gene Clusters via Interorganismic Interactions 147
Volker Schroeckh, Hans–Wilhelm N¨utzmann, and Axel A. Brakhage

9 Secondary Metabolites Produced by Plant Pathogens 159
Barbara J. Howlett

SECTION II FROM GENES TO MOLECULES 171

Part 1 Reading the Genome 173

10 Analyzing Fungal Secondary Metabolite Genes and Gene Clusters 175
Yi–Ming Chiang, Clay C. C. Wang, and Berl R. Oakley

Part 2 Biosynthesis and Heterologous Expression 195

11 RiPPs: Ribosomally Synthesized and Posttranslationally Modified Peptides 197
Noah A. Bindman and Wilfred A. Van Der Donk

12 Polyketide Synthase: Sequence, Structure, and Function 219
Joel Bruegger, Grace Caldara, Joris Beld, Michael D. Burkart, and Shiou–Chuan (Sheryl) Tsai

13 Manipulation of Fungal Natural Product Pathways 245
Russell J. Cox and Katherine Williams

14 Production of Therapeutic Products 261
Guojian Zhang and Blaine A. Pfeifer

Part 3 Regulation: Waking Sleeping Pathways 277

15 Waking Sleeping Pathways in Filamentous Fungi 279
Joe Spraker and Nancy Keller

SECTION III EVOLVING ENZYMES, EVOLVING PATHWAYS: SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 293

Part 1 Chemical Diversification 295

16 The Oxidosqualene Cyclases: One Substrate, Diverse Products 297
Ikuro Abe

17 Harnessing Sugar Biosynthesis and Glycosylation to Redesign Natural Products and to Increase Structural Diversity 317
Carlos Olano, Carmen M´endez, and Jos´e A. Salas

Part 2 Evolving Pathways 341

18 Evolutionary Mechanisms Involved in Development of Fungal Secondary Metabolite Gene Clusters 343
Geromy G. Moore, J´er ome Collemare, Marc–Henri Lebrun, and Rosie E. Bradshaw

Part 3 Synthetic Biology 357

19 Synthetic Biology of Natural Products 359
Rainer Breitling and Eriko Takano

SECTION IV SCREENING FOR BIOACTIVITY 371

20 Image–Based Screening Approaches to Natural Products Discovery 373
Christopher J. Schulze and Roger G. Linington

21 Making Sense of Structures by Utilizing Mother Nature s Chemical Libraries as Leads to Potential Drugs 397
David J. Newman and Gordon M. Cragg

22 Is There an Ideal Database for Natural Products Research? 413
John W. Blunt and Murray H. G. Munro

SECTION V TO APPLICATION 433

Case Studies 435

23 Daptomycin and A54145: Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies Enabled by Combinatorial Biosynthesis 437
Richard H. Baltz

24 Discovery and Development of NVB302, a Semisynthetic Antibiotic for Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection 455
Steven Boakes and Michael J. Dawson

25 ILS–920: A Rapamycin Analog for Ischemic Stroke 469
Edmund I. Graziani

26 BC265: A Nonquinone Ansamycin Hsp90 Inhibitor Developed Using Biosynthetic Medicinal Chemistry 483
Matthew A. Gregory, Steven J. Moss, and Barrie Wilkinson

27 Discovery and Development of Caspofungin (CANCIDAS): Concept to Clinic 497
James M. Balkovec, David L. Hughes, Prakash S. Masurekar, Carole A. Sable, Robert E. Schwartz, and Sheo B. Singh

Index 523

O autorze

The editors

Anne Osbourn is Professor at the University of East Anglia, UK, and Director of the Norwich Research Park Industrial Biotechnology and Bioenergy Alliance, and is based at the John Innes Centre.

Rebecca J. Goss is Reader in Organic/Biomolecular Chemistry at the School of Chemistry and also at the Biomedical Sciences Research Complex at the University of St Andrews, UK.

Guy T. Carter has over 30 years of experience working in Pharmaceutical R&D, primarily in the discovery and development of microbial products. He is currently CEO of Carter Bernan Consulting and Chief Scientific Officer at Biosortia Pharmaceuticals, USA.

Blurb

Natural Products: Discourse, Diversity, and Design explores the natural products, or the secondary metabolites, produced by microbes, fungi, and plants. Natural products can be used in the development of a wide array of products such as drugs, herbicides, antioxidants, preservatives, pigments and dyes for materials, food, flavors, and fragrances. As science advances, it has become exceedingly clear that the potential of biological organisms to synthesize diverse natural products is likely to be far greater than ever previously imagined.

An accessible and informative overview of these natural products in the genomic era, Natural Products: Discourse, Diversity, and Design delves into the discovery, examination, and application of natural products across different kingdoms. Chapters explore their genetics and synthetic biology, methods for screening for bioactivity and their practical applications. Its wide scope guarantees its appeal to plant scientists, fungal biologists, and microbiologists, as well as those who work with industrial biotechnology, drug discovery, medicinal chemistry, agronomy, crop improvement, and natural product chemistry.

The volume is comprehensive in its treatment of biologically based products in the natural world. Natural Products: Discourse, Diversity, and Design will be a vital resource for anyone working in this rapidly developing field.

Covers a range of important natural products from microbes, plants, fungi, and marine organisms.

Explores the role of various metabolites as well as the evolution of their unique biochemical pathways.

Chapters cover topics including biosynthesis and heterologous expression, avoiding autotoxicity, and chemical diversification.

Includes case studies on the development of commercial products from natural products from industry experts.

Wide–ranging and in–depth coverage of an expanding field.