Lee C. Bollinger is Columbia University's 19th president and the first Seth Low Professor of the University. His recent books include Regardless of Frontiers: Global Freedom of Expression in a Troubled World (2021) and The Free Speech Century (2018). Bollinger co-founded Columbia's Knight First Amendment Institute, devoted to defending speech and press freedoms in the digital age, and established Columbia Global Freedom of
Expression, which advances understanding of international normsprotecting free expression. Previously, as president of the University of Michigan, he led the school's litigation in the historic Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger Supreme Court cases, which reasserted that diversity is a compelling justification for affirmative action
in higher education. Bollinger is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.
Geoffrey R. Stone is the Edward H. Levi Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Chicago. Mr. Stone is the author or co-author of many books on constitutional law. Among them are Democracy and Equality: The Enduring Constitutional Vision of the Warren Court (2020), The Free Speech Century (2018); Sex and the Constitution (2017); Top Secret: When Government Keeps Us In the Dark (2007); and Perilous Times: Free Speech in
Wartime (2004). In 2013, President Obama appointed Mr. Stone to serve on a five-member Review Group on National Security Intelligence in the wake of Edward Snowden's leaks about the NSA. The result was The NSA Report, which included 46 recommendations for improving the nation's foreign intelligence programs, many of which have been adopted and put into place.
Thereafter, Mr. Stone served as a Senior Advisor to the Director of National Intelligence.