Narrative as Social Practice: Anglo-Western and Australian Aboriginal Oral Traditions

ISBN-13: 9783110181364 / Angielski / Twarda / 2004 / 469 str.

Daniele M. Klapproth; Dania]le M. Klapproth; Dani Le M. Klapproth

Opis

This is a highly original comparative study of the oral storytelling traditions of two widely divergent cultures, Anglo-Western culture and Central Australian Aboriginal culture. Concerned with both theoretical and empirical issues, this book offers a critical discussion of the most influential theories of narrative. It evaluates them on the basis of textual analyses of Anglo-Western and Australian Aboriginal oral narratives, viewed in the context of the different storytelling practices, values and worldviews in both cultures. The book offers new insights to readers interested in linguistics, narratology, discourse analysis, cross-cultural pragmatics, anthropology, and Australian Aboriginal studies.

Recenzje

"This book is a useful reference for those who are interested in the theoretical and methodological issues in contrastive study of narrative, and particulary for those who carry out research into the linguistic and cultural pratices of Australian Aborigines."
Judy Woon Yee Ho in: Discourse & Society 2/2006

Spis treści

Acknowledgements
Figures, tables, and maps

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1. Encountering the Other 1

2. Aims of the study and methodological background 4
2.1. Aims 4
2.2. Theoretical background 6
2.3. Methodology and research design 8

3. The data 11
3.1. Cultural and linguistic origins of the data 12
3.2. Choice of the data 16

4. Summary: The plan of the book 22

Part One: In the web of the wor(l)d: The narrative structuring of experience

Chapter 2 Creating webs of significance: The role of narrative in the socio-cultural construction of reality 27

1. Of butterflies and lepidopterists 27

2. Culture as a web of discourses 29
2.1. Language in the construction of reality 31
2.2. Provinces of meaning and their integration in a symbolic universe 34
2.3. Discourse and the colonising of the institutional order 35

3. The role of narrative discourse in Anglo-Western culture 38
3.1. The myth of objectivity: The denarrativising of knowledge 39
3.2. Narrative and identity: The discursive creation of a coherent self 43
3.3. Kid stuff: Fairy tales in the contemporary Anglo-Western world 47

4. The role of narrative discourse in Australian Aboriginal culture 53
4.1. The Tjukurpa: A fundamentally narrative view of the world 53
4.2. The voice of the Rainbow Serpent: Re-enacting cultural identity 58
4.3. Narrative and the transmission of knowledge in Australian Aboriginal culture 62
4. 4. Suspended in webs of significance: Culture, discourse and identity 64

Chapter 3 The narrative sharing of worlds: Storytelling as communicative interaction 71

1. What is a story? 72
1.1. The problem of story definition 73
1.2. Labov's high-point analysis 76
1.3. Towards a formal and semantic definition of the story 81
1.4. Towards a functional definition of the story 84

2. Solidifying reality: The construction of narrated worlds 86
2.1. Reflections in the mirror: The ontological status of the narrated world. 87
2.2. The narrated world as a mental model and narrative as a social institution 91

3. The creation of narrative involvement 95
3.1. Narrative and involvement 96
3.2. Subjective evaluation and moral involvement 102

4. Storytelling: The narrative sharing of worlds 104
4.1. A theory of communicative levels in storytelling 104
4.2. Creating and sharing worlds in narrative 107

Chapter 4 Exploring the structure of narrated worlds: The search for story schemata 113

1. The study of narrative within the cognitive science framework 114

2. The cognitive science framework and the study of stories from the oral tradition 115
2.1. Stories from the oral tradition as research data 115
2.2. Universal versus culture-specific properties of story schemata 119

3. The search for a schema for stories 120
3.1. Stories as problem-solving episodes 120
3.2. Episodic analysis: The Johnson and Mandler story grammar 122

4. The cross-cultural applicability of schema-theoretical story models: A critical evaluation 126
4.1. Schema-oriented story models: Data and experiment designs 127
4.2. A schema for stories: Problem-solving and the cross-cultural analysis of narrative texts 130

Part Two: Storytelling as social practice: A cross-cultural perspective

Chapter 5 The Beautiful and the Beastly: Cultural specifics of Anglo-Western narrative aesthetics 137

1. Analysing a traditional Anglo-Western narrative: Beauty and the Beast 137
1.1. The notion of narrative aesthetics 138
1.2 Methodological considerations 139
1.3. Story prototypicality and the concept of problem-solving 140

2. The story 142
2.1. The story text: Beauty and the Beast 143

3. Towards a description of the story's structural organisation 150
3.1. Episodic analysis of the story Beauty and the Beast 150
3.2. Episode embedding and thematic packaging 155
3.3. Identifying the core problematic of the story Beauty and the Beast 158
3.4. Bound by promises: The thematic organisation of the story Beauty and the Beast 164

4. What makes a good story in Anglo-Western culture? 170
4.1. Criteria for good narratives 171
4.2. Anglo-Western narrative aesthetics and its conceptual foundations 174

Chapter 6 Always keeping track: Text building strategies in Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara storytelling 179

1. Analysing a traditional Pitjantjatjara narrative: Tjitji Maluringanyi 179
1.1. The story text: Tjitji Maluringanyi 181

2. Towards a description of the story's structural organisation: Applying an Anglo-Western narratological framework 194
2.1. Methodological considerations 194
2.2. Episodic analysis of the story Tjitji Maluringanyi 194
2.3. Episode organisation and character focusing 200
2.4. Character focusing in the story Tjitji Maluringanyi 202

3. Towards a description of the story's structural organisation: Applying an inductive approach 207
3.1. "Pitjala pitjala pula kunyu ngura tjunu": The journey as a structuring principle 208
3.2. "Tjukarurungku katingi": The narrative negotiation of cultural core concepts as a structuring principle 212
3.3. "Nyangatja tjina kutju ngaranyi": Retracing as a structuring principle 220

4. What makes a good story in Pitjantjatjara-Yankunytjatjara culture? 228
4.1. Pitjantjatjara-Yankunytjatjara text building conventions 229
4.2. Criteria for good narratives 232
4.3. The present findings in the context of the story corpus 235
4.4. Towards a description of the culture-specific Pitjantjatjara-Yankunytjatjara story schemata 245

Chapter 7 Holding the world in place: The interrelatedness of story, practice and culture 253

1. Narrative practice in the Western Desert: Keeping culture strong 253
1.1. Acts of discovery: Developing interpretative strategies 256
1.2. Teaching culture: Living culture 264

2. In the nexus of kin and country: The concepts of walytja and ngura 269
2.1. "They would travel along, not separate, together": Family relatedness in Pitjantjatjara-Yankunytjatjara narratives 269
2.2. "The land holds our stories": Story, land, and the symbolic universe of The Dreaming 275

3. Contemporary myths and shapers of identity: Fairy tales in present-day Anglo-Western culture 289
3.1. The prototypical Anglo-Western fairy tale: A story of forsaken offspring 290
3.2. Adventurous heroes and caring young women: Gender roles in the Anglo-Western fairy tale 295
3.3. A fairytale marriage: The celebration of romantic love in the Anglo-Western narrative tradition 297

4. One hero with a thousand faces? - (En)countering universalist claims 305

Chapter 8 Conclusions and implications . 311

1. Summary of findings 311
1.1. Narrative practice: Cross-cultural variabililty 311
1.2. Narrative practice: Shared aspects 316

2. Implications for story research 319
2.1. Rethinking the concept of the story 319
2.2. Methodological implications 325

3. Future research 328
3.1. Suggestions for future research: Australian Aboriginal contexts 329
3.2. Suggestions for future research: Anglo-Western contexts 331

4. Final: To have a story 333

Transcription conventions 337
Notes 351
References 343
Index

O autorze

Danièle M. Klapproth is Lecturer in Linguistics at the University of Berne, Switzerland.